intertrendsМеждународные процессыInternational Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy1728-27561811-2773AEFIR10.17994/IT.2022.20.1.68intertrends-179Research ArticleАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИЗМЫANALYTICAL PRISMSГуманитарная дипломатия. Современные концепции и подходыHumanitarian diplomacy. Modern concepts and approachesБогатыреваО.BogatyrevaO.

Ольга Богатырева

Екатеринбург

Olga Bogatyreva

Ekaterinburg, 620002

olga.bogatyreva@urfu.ruУральский федеральный университет им. первого Президента России Б.Н. ЕльцинаРоссияBoris Yeltsin Ural Federal UniversityRussian Federation202230032022201166191Copyright © Богатырева О., 20222022Богатырева О.Bogatyreva O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/179

Современные тренды мирового развития значительно раздвинули границы дипломатии как инструмента глобального диалога. Для данного исследования существенный интерес представляет её гуманитарный сектор. Между тем в зарубежной и отечественной науке до сих пор отсутствуют единая концепция и прочно укоренившееся понятие гуманитарной дипломатии. Настоящая статья посвящена анализу основных дискуссий о подходах к концепции гуманитарной дипломатии, которые возникли на фоне новой идеи «гуманизма 2.0», перехода от парадигмы классического гуманизма к гуманизму развития, формирования политизированной концепции «гуманитарного пространства» и распространения практики гуманитарных переговоров. Разнообразие приоритетов, целей и акторов, вовлечённых в чрезвычайные ситуации, обусловливают различное понимание гуманитарной дипломатии. В статье представлен обзор основных подходов зарубежных и российских исследователей к формирующимся концепциям этого феномена. В частности, выделены ограничительная и расширительная концепции гуманитарной дипломатии. Проведён анализ её инструментария, выделены сходства и различия с инструментарием традиционной официальной дипломатии. В ходе обзора литературы об основных акторах гуманитарной дипломатии установлено, что негосударственные субъекты играют важную политическую роль в гуманитарных переговорах по разрешению вооружённых конфликтов. В то же время подтверждена роль ООН в создании гуманитарного партнёрства с НПО. Также уделено внимание гуманитарной дипломатии государств, показано разнообразие её национальных моделей и заявлено о необходимости дальнейшего исследования их гуманитарной практики. Рассмотрены основные мотивы, заставляющие государства участвовать в гуманитарной дипломатии, выделены основные направления государственной гуманитарной дипломатии. Выявлено, что сегодня гуманитарная практика, приобретая полимодальный, комплексный характер, включает в себя гуманитарную помощь, социальную политику и экономическую помощь в контексте парадигмы устойчивого развития. В результате изучения основных подходов к теории и практике гуманитарной дипломатии установлено, что использование дипломатических инструментов, и прежде всего переговоров, оказывает позитивное воздействие на результаты гуманитарной деятельности, осуществляемой различными субъектами в конфликтных и кризисных ситуациях.

Modern trends in world development have significantly pushed the boundaries of modern diplomacy which should be an effective tool for global dialogue. My study is focused on the humanitarian sector of diplomacy. The article reviews main discussions about approaches to the concept of humanitarian diplomacy that arose against the background of the idea of "humanism 2.0", about the spread of the practice of humanitarian negotiations and about the creation of humanitarian spaces. I examine the main approaches of foreign and Russian researchers to the concepts of humanitarian diplomacy. Then I analyze the tools of humanitarian diplomacy and highlight its similarities and differences with traditional official diplomacy. It is established that nonState actors play an important political role in the resolution of modern conflicts and humanitarian negotiations. The role of the UN in creating a humanitarian partnership with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) is noted. I also pay attention to the humanitarian diplomacy of states and note the diversity of national models. The article considers the main motives that encourage states to participate in humanitarian diplomacy and highlights its main directions. I demonstrate shown that today humanitarian practice is acquiring a polymodal, complex character. It includes humanitarian assistance, social policy and economic assistance in the context of the paradigm of sustainable development. The study reveals that the use of diplomatic tools and, above all, negotiations have a positive impact on the effectiveness of humanitarian activities in armed conflicts and crisis situations of an anthropogenic and natural nature.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.