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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2020.18.1.60.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-184</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Повышение научной обеспеченности политики в области национальной безопасности: влияние зарубежного опыта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Enhancing Scientific Support for National Security Policy Making: International Experience</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Татьяна.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Alekseeva.</p><p>Moscow 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ataleks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назаров Владимир.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Nazarov.</p><p>Moscow 103132</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афиногенов</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afinogenov</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афиногенов Дмитрий.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry Afinogenov.</p><p>Moscow 119571</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Совет безопасности Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Federation Security Council</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт права и национальной безопасности РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Academy of National  Economy  and Public Service under  the  President of the  Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева Т., Назаров В., Афиногенов Д., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Т., Назаров В., Афиногенов Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva T., Nazarov V., Afinogenov D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/184">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/184</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается эволюция научных взглядов на феномен «национальная  безопасность». На начало XXI века это понятие получило закрепление в официальных программных документах широкого круга стран. Авторы с позиций отечественного и  зарубежного опыта научного обеспечения государственной политики в области национальной безопасности анализируют адекватность взглядов на национальную безопасность современным условиям, угрозам, рискам и вызовам, задачам устойчивого развития страны в социально-экономической, политической, информационной, духовной и иных областях. Они в том числе рассматривают вопросы становления  самого  понимания термина «национальная безопасность» в ходе дискуссий американских экспертов в 1950-х – 1960-х годах. В этой связи значимым стал отход от увязки угроз национальной безопасности исключительно с вероятностью вооружённого  нападения и включение в поле осмысления специалистов рисков невоенного характера. В статье рассматривается противостояние двух подходов к обеспечению национальной безопасности, сформировавшихся в США, которые отстаивали необходимость  единоличного доминирования или кооперативных шагов по укреплению предсказуемости международной среды. Одним из важных результатов развития западных подходов к обеспечению национальной безопасности стало формирование  практикоориентированных исследований, дающих значимые,  оригинальные и верифицируемые результаты, которые впоследствии могут быть использованы в деятельности органов государственной власти. В связи с потребностью выстраивания аналогичной системы экспертизы в России обоснована целесообразность выделения предмета «национальная безопасность» в самостоятельное направление при подготовке специалистов не только в области национальной безопасности и стратегического планирования, но также политологов и будущих специалистов для государственной службы. Необходимость в этом связана с задачами повышения качества государственного управления и стратегического планирования в Российской Федерации, реализацией национальных проектов в исключительно сложной  международной обстановке.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines evolution of scholarly approaches towards the  phenomenon of the  “national security.” By the early 21st century this notion found its way in the official strategic documents of a wide range of states. The authors examine the Russian and international record  of analysis in the field of national security, and assess the adequacy of existing views on this subject taking in the account emerging threats, risks and challenges, as well as the tasks of sustainable development of a country in the social, economic,  political,  information,  spiritual and  other  areas. They  start  by presenting the  early conceptualizations of this term in the debates of  American experts in the 1950s and the 1960s. An important innovation of that period was disentanglement of the national security from purely territorial and military threat, by preparing for other types of contingencies. The article additionally examines the struggle between two alternative approaches towards protecting the national security in the United States: the one founded on unilateral domination and the other prioritizing collective actions. It demonstrates that the one important result of the Western debates was the emergence of a new field of study defined by policy relevant studies, which produce useful, original, and verifiable inferences, which are then injected in decision-making process. In order to promote a similar institutionalized expertise, the article suggests seceding the study of the national security in a separate discipline. This step will enable to further promote the training of specialists not only in the field of national security and strategic planning, but also political scientists and future specialists for the public service. The need for this is obviously related to the tasks of improving the quality of policy making and strategic planning in the Russian Federation, the implementation of national projects in an extremely complex international environment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>национальная безопасность</kwd><kwd>новые вызовы и угрозы</kwd><kwd>государственное управление</kwd><kwd>принятие решений</kwd><kwd>стратегическое прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>национальные интересы</kwd><kwd>аналитические центры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>national security</kwd><kwd>new threats</kwd><kwd>governance</kwd><kwd>decision-making</kwd><kwd>strategic forecasting</kwd><kwd>national  interests</kwd><kwd>think tanks</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Безручко Б.П. и др. Путь в синергетику: экскурс в 10 лекциях // Синергетика: от прошлого к будущему. 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