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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2020.18.4.63.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-223</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Углубление интеграции и институциональная трансформация: дилеммы стран Евросоюза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EU Choice towards Integration in the Midst of COVID-19 Pandemics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Энтин</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Entin</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Энтин Марк Львович - доктор юридических наук, профессор, заведующий Кафедрой европейского права МГИМО МИД России; профессор Кафедры теории и истории международных отношений Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина; ведущий эксперт Российского института стратегических исследований</p><p>Москва;  Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dr Mark Entin - Chair, Department of European Law, MGIMO University; Professor, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Boris Yeltsin Ural Federal University; Leading Expert, Russian Institute of Strategic Studies</p><p>Moscow, 119454; Ekaterinburg, 620002;  Moscow, 119002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">entinmark@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Энтина</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Entina</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Энтина Екатерина Геннадьевна - доктор политических наук, заместитель проректора по науке Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики», старший научный сотрудник Института Европы РАН</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dr Ekaterina Entina - Deputy Vice Rector for Science, Professor, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, HSE University; Senior Researcher, Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Moscow, 101000; Moscow, 125009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.entina@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Войников</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voynikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Войников Вадим Валентинович - доктор юридических наук, профессор Кафедры европейского права МГИМО МИД России; профессор Кафедры европейского и международного права Балтийского федерального университета имени И. Канта</p><p>Москва; Калининград</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dr Vadim Voynikov - Professor, Department of European Law, MGIMO-University; Professor, International and European Law Department, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</p><p>Moscow, 119454; Kaliningrad, 236016</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России&#13;
Уральский федеральный университет, Екатеринбург, &#13;
Российский институт стратегических исследований</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University; &#13;
Boris Yeltsin Ural Federal University; &#13;
Russian Institute of Strategic Studies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИУ Высшая школа экономики; &#13;
Институт Европы РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University; &#13;
Institute of Europe of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России; &#13;
Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University; &#13;
Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Энтин М.Л., Энтина Е.Г., Войников В.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Энтин М.Л., Энтина Е.Г., Войников В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Entin M.L., Entina E.G., Voynikov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/223">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/223</self-uri><abstract><p>Пандемия COVID-19 стала катализатором системного кризиса ЕС и одновременно дала Союзу толчок навстречу качественно новому развитию в пользу большего углубления интеграции, выраженному в изменении финансово-экономического пространства объединения. Осознавая риски внутренней дестабилизации, страны ядра Евросоюза согласились на обобществление долгов, спасая самых пострадавших от пандемии государств-членов ради сохранения интеграционного объединения и, в целом, самой европейской идеи. Цели данной статьи заключаются в объяснении трудностей принятия данного решения и его компромиссного характера, а также в разъяснении вероятных последствий и оценке вариантов дальнейшего развития ситуации. Сначала авторы сравнивают аргументы «за» и «против» обобществления долгов. Затем проводится сопоставление испанского предложения, франко-германской инициативы и переговорной платформы «ЕС следующего поколения» с принципиальными положениями компромиссного решения Европейского Совета. Представлены данные об объёмах, условиях, механизме и контроле расходования выдаваемой финансовой помощи. Авторы анализируют прорывные шаги, предпринятые государствами-членами на пути поиска оптимального решения. Результатом исследования является вывод о неоднозначном характере принятого ЕС решения, однако определённо имеющего историческое значение и открывающего перспективы дальнейшего углубления интеграционных процессов. Этому способствует достижение согласия о необходимости сближения ядра ЕС с периферией через обобществление долгов, а также о важности проведения структурных реформ, которые обеспечили бы построение гармоничной экономики будущего, базирующейся на новой технологической платформе и сформулированной в прорывном плане «ЕС следующего поколения». Успех не гарантирован, так как зависит от поведения всех государств-членов, однако реален.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Covid-19 pandemic was a catalyst for the growing systemic crisis of the EU and at the same time gave the Union an impetus towards its qualitatively new development in favor of deeper integration, expressed in a change in the financial and economic space of the EU. Realizing the risks of their internal destabilization, the EU core countries decided to sacrifice the surplus from their economic successes through the socialization of debts in order to save the most affected peripheral Member States to preserve both the integration union and the European idea itself. The purpose of this article is to explain the difficulty of making this decision and its compromise nature, as well as to clarify the likely consequences and suggest options for the further development of the situation. The authors first compare the pros and cons of debt socialization. Then the variables are compared: the Spanish proposal, the Franco-German initiative and the negotiating platform on the "next generation EU" by Ursula von der Leyen with the fundamental points of the European Council compromise decision. It also provides answers to questions about the volume, conditions, mechanism, and control over the expenditure of the financial assistance provided. The breakthrough steps taken by the Member States towards finding an optimal solution are analyzed. The result of the study is a balanced conclusion about the ambiguous nature of the decision adopted by the EU but having a historical significance and opening prospects for the further deepening of integration processes. This is facilitated by reaching an agreement on the need to bring the core of the EU closer to the periphery through the socialization of debts, as well as the importance of structural reforms that would ensure the construction of a harmonious economy of the future based on a new technological platform and formulated in a breakthrough plan called the next generation EU. Success is not guaranteed, as it depends on the behavior of all Member States, but it is real.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Европейский Союз</kwd><kwd>пандемия</kwd><kwd>европейская интеграция</kwd><kwd>интеграционное право</kwd><kwd>обобществление долгов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>EU</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>European integration</kwd><kwd>supranational law</kwd><kwd>debt socialization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Плевако Н. Швеция и проблемы восстановления экономики стран ЕС. Аналитическая записка Института Европы РАН. № 33 (216). Август 2020. С. 7. URL: http://www.instituteofeurope.ru/images/uploads/analitika/2020/an216.pdf (дата обращения: 15.12.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beine M., Docquier F., Rapoport H. (2008). 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