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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2022.20.4.71.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-241</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>США-Афганистан: крах асимметричного альянса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>US–Afghanistan: the collapse of an asymmetrical alliance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачитидзе</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Machitidze</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Георгий Мачитидзе</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgy Machitidze</p><p>Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mggkabul@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мачитидзе Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мачитидзе Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Machitidze G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/241">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/241</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей статье осмысляются причины краха асимметричного альянса между США и Исламской Республикой Афганистан (ИРА), который просуществовал на протяжении 20 лет. Приоритетное внимание уделено ролевым характеристикам обеих стран в рамках союзнических отношений в качестве старшего и младшего партнёров. Разбираются не всегда совпадающие цели обоих игроков. Продемонстрированы уровень влияния местного правительства на афганскую стратегию США и издержки Вашингтона на управление альянсом, а также попытки афганской стороны манипулировать старшим партнёром при высокой степени зависимости от него. Обозначена правовая база союзнических отношений США и ИРА. Автор констатирует изначальное отсутствие у США чёткой стратегии с описанием всеобъемлющих целей, последовательности шагов, необходимых для достижения этих целей, а также ресурсов, выделенных для выполнения этих действий. Быстрое изменение военно-политической обстановки в Афганистане способствовало частой смене стратегий США. В статье показано, что в результате Вашингтон фактически был вынужден, наряду с обеспечением безопасности, заняться государственным строительством в Афганистане, что не входило в его планы. Незнание американскими чиновниками социально-культурных и политических условий в ИРА стало важным фактором неудач на стратегическом, оперативном и тактическом уровнях. Сложность реализации стратегии государственного строительства заключалась в наличии слишком широкого спектра целей и большого количества вовлечённых в Афганистане субъектов. Осложняющими факторами стали: нереалистичность сроков восстановления ИРА, бесконечное вливание средств в афганские институты для решения проблемы отсутствия безопасности и коррумпированность афганского правительства. Сделаны выводы о том, что фундамент двустороннего асимметричного альянса был подорван американо-талибскими договорённостями, а решение Вашингтона о выводе американских войск из ИРА привело к его краху.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article reflects on the reasons for the collapse of the asymmetrical alliance between the US and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (IRA), which had existed for 20 years. Particular attention is paid to the roles of both countries within the alliance as senior and junior partners. The goals of the two players are not always the same, which are sometimes contradictory. The level of Afghan influence on American strategy and the cost to the U.S. of managing the alliance are demonstrated, as well as attempts by the Afghan side to manipulate the senior partner with a high degree of dependence on it. The legal basis for the US-IRA alliance is outlined. The author notes the initial lack of a clear U.S. strategy outlining overarching goals, the sequence of steps required to achieve these goals, and the resources allocated to carry out these actions. The rapidly changing political and military environment in Afghanistan has contributed to frequent changes in US strategies. The paper shows that, as a result, Washington was actually forced, along with security, to engage seriously in nation-building in Afghanistan, which was not part of its plans. The ignorance of US officials about the socio-cultural and political conditions in the IRA was an important factor contributing to failures at the strategic, operational and tactical levels. The complexity of implementing a state-building strategy was also due to the overly broad range of objectives and the large number of actors involved in Afghanistan. Complicating factors were the unrealistic timeline for reconstruction of the IRA, the endless infusion of funds into Afghan institutions to address insecurity and the corruption of the Afghan government. It is concluded that the foundation of the bilateral asymmetric alliance has been undermined by the US-Taliban arrangements, and Washington's decision to withdraw US troops from the IRA has led to its collapse.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Исламская Республика Афганистан</kwd><kwd>асимметричный альянс</kwd><kwd>стратегия</kwd><kwd>государственное строительство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>US</kwd><kwd>Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</kwd><kwd>asymmetric alliance</kwd><kwd>strategy</kwd><kwd>state-building</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Истомин И.А., Байков А.А. 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