intertrendsМеждународные процессыInternational Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy1728-27561811-2773AEFIR10.17994/IT.2021.19.1.64.9intertrends-243Research ArticleСтатьиЯзык как ресурс внешней политики старый инструмент под новые задачи?Language and statecraft an old tool for new goals?ВиньоА.Crowley-VigneauA.

Анн Виньо

Москва

Anne Crowley-Vigneau

Moscow, 119454

acrowleyvigneau@yahoo.frле СоФ.Le SauxF.

Франсуаз ле Со

Рединг

Francoise le Saux

Reading, RG9 3AU

МГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияMGIMO UniversityRussian FederationРедингский университетВеликобританияUniversity of ReadingUnited Kingdom202130032021191120138Copyright © Виньо А., ле Со Ф., 20212021Виньо А., ле Со Ф.Crowley-Vigneau A., le Saux F.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/243

В статье исследуется язык как инструмент внешнеполитического влияния, эволюция подходов к его использованию с течением времени, а также вопрос о том, остаётся ли он актуальным и допустимым в нынешней международной обстановке. Давая обзор использования языка как инструмента внешней политики с междисциплинарной точки зрения, авторы рассматривают роль языковой политики на разных этапах истории: от появления возможности у европейских государств принудительно создавать новую идентичность вокруг единого языка до выполнения имперской миссии – «просвещения» колонизированного населения в попытке обеспечить экономические и культурные блага колониальным державам на длительную перспективу. Успешно пережив процессы деколонизации, к началу XXI века языковая политика обрела новые формы и уже как элемент арсенала «мягкой силы» привлекается государствами для решения внешнеполитических задач сегодняшнего дня. Основываясь на анализе экспертных интервью и источников (как первичных, так и вторичных), авторы показывают, что вера в способность языка формировать лояльность к определённому государству на политическом уровне остаётся по-прежнему сильной, невзирая на то, что нормативный дискурс и средства реализации языковой политики в современных реалиях претерпели серьёзную трансформацию, в частности произошёл отказ от применения силы для продвижения языка, наблюдается почти тотальное доминирование английского языка, утвердилась норма защиты языковых меньшинств, а также происходят обусловленные глобализацией технологические изменения, ослабляющие роль языка в формировании политической идентичности и устойчивых внешнеполитических лояльностей и ориентаций.

This paper investigates how language as a tool of statecraft has changed over time and whether it remains relevant and legitimate in the current globalised context. Viewing the issue from an interdisciplinary perspective, it considers the role language policies have played at different stages in history, from enabling European nation-states to forcibly to carve out a new identity around a unified language, to fulfilling the imperialist mission of ‘educating’ colonised populations in an attempt to generate lasting economic and cultural benefits for colonial powers. Language policies survived the decolonization process and took new soft power forms in an attempt to address current day challenges. The authors argue, based on the analysis of expert interviews and data sources (both primary and secondary), that while the discourse and means of implementing language policies have changed under new conditions – particularly the rejection of force in language promotion, the domination of English, the protection of minority dialects, and the technological changes linked to globalization – the belief in the power of language to shape allegiances remains, on the political level, unchanged.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.