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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2021.19.2.65.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-252</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Международно-политические аспекты водной стратегии России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International politics of Russia’s water strategy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ланко</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lanko</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Ланко</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry Lanko</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.lanko@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нечипорук</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nechiporuk</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Нечипорук</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry Nechiporuk</p><p>Tyumen, 625003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nechiporuk79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ланко Д., Нечипорук Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ланко Д., Нечипорук Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lanko D., Nechiporuk D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/252">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/252</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья подводит итоги выполнения международно-политических задач Водной стратегии Российской Федерации на период до 2020 г. и даёт оценку новым вызовам международному сотрудничеству, с которыми Россия столкнётся в наступающем десятилетии в области охраны и использования трансграничных вод. За 2010-е годы изменилась как ситуация в сфере обеспеченности водными ресурсами России, её соседей и всего мира, так и научные подходы к оценке влияния дефицита воды на международную политику. Приверженцы большинства из них сходятся в том, что дефицит воды чаще приводит к международному сотрудничеству. Соглашаясь с таким подходом и развивая его, авторы подвергают критике гипотезу, согласно которой дефицит воды, как правило, служит источником конфликтов и что оптимальным инструментом смягчения этих конфликтов являются многосторонние международные институты. Данный подход основывается на гоббсовском понятии естественного состояния войны всех против всех за ограниченные ресурсы, единственной альтернативой которому являются институты принуждения, пусть и не всегда совершенные. Одновременно другие подходы, опирающиеся на политическую философию Томаса Гоббса, разделяют международно-политические процессы, обусловленные страхом, от тех, которые вызваны дефицитом. Последние, по Гоббсу, имеют иную логику развития. Конфликты, как правило, обусловливаются страхом, включая и страх дефицита, но дефицит как таковой чаще порождает сотрудничество. Если многосторонние институты подчас и способны смягчать конфликты, то в условиях дефицита воды более эффективными оказываются двусторонние и минилатеральные – создаваемые небольшим числом сторон – институты сотрудничества. Это подтверждает и рассматриваемый в статье опыт взаимодействия России с соседними государствами в области охраны и использования трансграничных водных ресурсов. Авторы делают вывод, что международно-политической составляющей водной стратегии России на предстоящий период более соответствует подход, предполагающий, что дефицит воды чаще порождает сотрудничество, чем конфликты. Двусторонние и мини-латеральные институты сотрудничества, в отличие от многосторонних соглашений, способны предложить странам, делящим общие водотоки, инструменты взаимодействия, более подходящие к условиям конкретного бассейна.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article summarizes the outcomes of the implementation of the Water Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 in its part concerning international politics and assesses the new challenges to international cooperation in the field of protection and use of transboundary waters that Russia is expected to face in the coming decade. 2010s witnessed both the changing situation in the field of water availability in Russia, its neighbor countries and the whole world, and the changing scholarly approaches to the impact of water scarcity on international politics. Most of the approaches agreed that water scarcity more often leads to international cooperation. While agreeing with this approach, the authors critically assess the assumption that water scarcity is more often a source of conflicts, and that multilateral international institutions are the best tool to mitigate these conflicts. The authors find that this approach is based on Hobbesian notion of the natural condition of war of all against all for scarce resources, the only alternative to which are institutions of coercion, albeit not always perfect. The authors also find that other approaches based on Hobbesian political philosophy separate the international political processes caused by fear and by scarcity, the two most important “passions that incline men to peace”, according to Hobbes. Fear, including fear of scarcity, tends to drive conflicts, but scarcity as such is more likely to generate cooperation. While multilateral institutions are sometimes capable of mitigating conflicts, in conditions of water scarcity bilateral and minilateral, i.e., created by a small number of parties, institutions of cooperation turn out to be more effective. The experience of Russia’s interaction with its neighbors in the field of protection and use of transboundary water resources considered in the article provides with yet another evidence of that. The authors conclude that the international politics component of Russia’s water strategy for the coming period is more consistent with the approach that assumes that water scarcity generates cooperation rather than conflicts. They also conclude that bilateral and minilateral institutions of cooperation offer countries destined to share a common river basin instruments of interaction that are more suitable for the conditions of a particular basin than multilateral institutions can offer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>водная политика</kwd><kwd>дефицит пресной воды</kwd><kwd>международное сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>многосторонние институты</kwd><kwd>мини-латерализм</kwd><kwd>Гоббс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>water policy</kwd><kwd>water scarcity</kwd><kwd>international cooperation</kwd><kwd>multilateral institutions</kwd><kwd>minilateralism</kwd><kwd>Hobbes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Анализ соглашений РФ с соседними странами в области использования трансграничных вод выполнен при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (РНФ) в рамках научного проекта № 20-68-46044.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аскеева Г., Габдулина Б., Нечаева Е., Смакова Ж. 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