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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2021.19.3.66.8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-257</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сирийские курды как протогосударственный субъект от повстанческого государства к демократическому конфедерализму</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Syrian kurds as proto-state actors from the insurgent state to the democratic confederalism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вертяев</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vertyaev</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл Вертяев</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill Vertyaev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kitezh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт востоковедения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Oriental Studies of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вертяев К., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вертяев К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vertyaev K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/257">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/257</self-uri><abstract><p>Автономная администрация Северо-Восточной Сирии (ААСВС), несмотря на свой непризнанный статус, выступает одним из ключевых игроков в сирийском урегулировании. В то же время она стала политическим заложником ситуации, сложившейся в Сирии в результате гражданской войны, которая характеризуется активным вовлечением во внутрисирийский конфликт внешних политических игроков, доноров и арбитров. Статья сфокусирована на теоретическом концепте протогосударственности в рамках лево-либертарианской идеологической программы, реализуемой партией «Демократический союз», в связке с силами самообороны, установившей практически единоличный контроль в самопровозглашённой автономии. В статье выдвигается тезис о характеристиках протогоударственности Сирийского Курдистана, изначально реализованного в рамках концепта «повстанческого государства», но стремящегося к легитимации в форме автономии на принципах пропагандируемого Демократическим союзом «демократического конфедерализма» в рамках Сирии как государства анклавно-конгломератного типа. В статье дан анализ политической системы Сирийского Курдистана (Рожава, Сирийский Курдистан, Федерация Северо-Восточной Сирии, Автономная Администрация Северо-Восточной Сирии) с учётом того, что курдские силы самообороны включают в себя представителей некоторых других этнических групп, когда вкупе с политической структурой территория приобретает протогосударственные характеристики, а сами протогосударственные игроки выходят за рамки определения «сирийского крыла» запрещённой в Турции Партии рабочих Курдистана. Сделан вывод о хрупкости такой политической структуры ввиду наличия легко разжигаемых межэтнических противоречий между курдами и арабами в регионе. Между тем сирийские курды, руководствуясь идеей лидера ПРК Абдуллы Оджалана о том, что для получения международного признания национальное государство не обязательно, пытаются создать политическую структуру, в которой была бы стёрта грань между сепаратизмом и местным самоуправлением.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The self-proclaimed Kurdish autonomy in the Northeastern Syria has already being estimated as one-third of the country, and, despite its unrecognized status, appears to become one of the key players in the Syrian peace settlement and, at the same time, a political hostage to the situation that has developed in Syria as a result of the civil war. The article explores the formation of the self-proclaimed autonomy in the Northeastern Syria (aka Rojava, Syrian Kurdistan, Federation of Northeastern Syria, Autonomous Administration of Northern and Eastern Syria (AANES)) and puts forward the thesis of Rojava’s emergence as an insurgent state. The first part of the study analyzes it’s political system by implementation of the concept of proto-state actors for the Kurdish Self-Defense Forces (YPG) and the Democratic Union Party (PYD). Due to the inclusiveness of the Kurdish Self-Defense Forces the Kurdish non-state actors (PYD-YPG) have acquired the proto-state features, going beyond the definition of the “Syrian wing” of the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK). The article focuses on the complex and diversified ethnic composition of the local population within the boundaries of the de facto autonomy. It is manifested by the presence of various political actors and movements, including those based on ethnic particularism. It is concluded that such a political structure is a fragile one due to the interethnic contradictions between the Kurds and the Arabs in the region.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Сирийский Курдистан</kwd><kwd>Рожава</kwd><kwd>демократический конфедерализм</kwd><kwd>Федерация Северo-Восточной Сирии</kwd><kwd>Автономная Администрация Северо-Восточной Сирии</kwd><kwd>протогосударство</kwd><kwd>YPG</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Syria</kwd><kwd>Syrian Kurdistan</kwd><kwd>Rojava</kwd><kwd>democratic confederalism</kwd><kwd>Federation of Northern and Eastern Syria</kwd><kwd>Autonomous Administration of Northern and Eastern Syria</kwd><kwd>proto-state</kwd><kwd>YPG</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бартенев В. Помощь «хрупким государствам» сквозь призму риск-менеджмента. 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