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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2022.20.4.71.5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-275</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция политики США в отношении Гонконга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>US policy to Hong Kong after its handover to China</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веремеев</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veremeev</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Веремеев</p><p>Гонконг</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay Veremeev</p><p>Hong Kong</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nv_veremeev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Meridian Capital (HK) Limited</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Meridian Capital (HK) Limited</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Веремеев Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Веремеев Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Veremeev N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/275">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/275</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель настоящей работы состоит в изучении политики Соединённых Штатов Америки к постколониальному Гонконгу как эволюции от либеральной парадигмы к реализму. В работе рассмотрены основные периоды американской политики к Гонконгу, определены менявшие её факторы, показана реакция на события в Гонконге Белого дома, Государственного департамента и Конгресса. В 1992 г. Конгресс принял закон о политике США в отношении Гонконга, предоставив Гонконгу особый (отличный от Китая) статус в торгово-экономических отношениях и закрепивший в отношении Гонконга либеральный стратегический курс, нацеленный на продвижение и укоренение западной модели демократии в этом специальном административном районе КНР. В первые 17 лет постколониального существования Государственный департамент не выказывал особого внимания к мегаполису, избегал критики правительств автономии и КНР за медленную демократизацию Гонконга, хотя ряд видных членов Конгресса делали резкие заявления по этому поводу. Драматичный период гонконгской политики США начался во второй половине 2018 г. На фоне резкого ухудшения американо-китайских отношений во время президентства Трампа, чья администрация, не питавшая иллюзий относительно либеральной стратегии, перешла к активному использованию «гонконгской карты» в противоборстве с Китаем. Вспыхнувшие в мегаполисе в 2019 г. крупномасштабные антиправительственные протесты бросили серьёзный вызов суверенитету КНР над Гонконгом, были публично поддержаны и фактически провоцировались высокопоставленными членами правительства Трампа и именитыми конгрессменами. Принятый Китаем 30.06.2020 закон «О национальной безопасности» положил конец применению США либеральной стратегии к Гонконгу, повлёк за собой частичное свёртывание Вашингтоном особого статуса Гонконга, тем самым знаменуя полный и окончательный переход гонконгской политики США к реализму, в рамках которого Гонконг используется как инструмент в первую очередь экономического сдерживания Китая. Вашингтон нацелен на постепенное сокращение экономического присутствия в Гонконге при одновременных попытках дестабилизировать политическую ситуацию в САР.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article studies evolvement of the United States’ post-colonial Hong Kong (HK) policy from liberalism to realism. The author considers factors influencing this policy and differences between the White House/State Department and Congress in assessment of and reaction to developments in HK and responses to them. In 1992 Congress passed the United States-HK Policy Act which treated HK as a non-sovereign entity distinct from China, made the US a quasi-guarantor of HK’s autonomy and provided a framework for the advancement of US’s grand liberal strategy towards HK in pursuit of promotion of Western-style democracy in this special administrative region of China. During the first seventeen years after HK’s handover to China the US government paid little attention to HK and avoided public criticism of HK and China’s authorities over slow pace of territory’s democratization while some prominent anti-China hawks in Congress were unrestrained in such criticism. Pro-democracy protests of 2014 in HK did not alter US government’s cautious approach to HK. The Obama administration probably hoped for gradual democratic reforms in HK. Washington’s policy towards HK made a dramatic turn in 2018 on the back of rapidly deteriorating Sino-US relations after Donald Trump came to power. The Trump administration was disillusioned with the liberal agenda and was very eager to actively play a HK card against Beijing. Large scale 2019 protests/riots in HK, challenging China’s sovereignty over the territory, were publicly supported and in fact encouraged by top officials of the Trump administration and prominent Congressmen. After Beijing imposed the national security law (NSL) on HK in June 2020 anti-government movement was crashed. This prompted Trump to strip HK of certain privileges under the HK Policy Act. Due to NSL Washington lost many HK allies, its influence in the territory diminished and its ability to promote American democracy agenda was hampered. NSL signifies a final transition from American liberal strategy to realism vis-à-vis HK which is now fully covered by US’s China containment strategy. Washington will likely reduce its economic exposure to HK and use deep-seated anti-Beijing attitudes of some Hongkongers to undermine stability of this vulnerable territory of China.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Гонконг</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>КНР</kwd><kwd>реализм</kwd><kwd>либерализм</kwd><kwd>большая стратегия</kwd><kwd>статус</kwd><kwd>вмешательство во внутренние дела</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>US policy to China</kwd><kwd>Sino-US relations</kwd><kwd>US-Hong Kong relations</kwd><kwd>Hong Kong</kwd><kwd>grand strategy</kwd><kwd>inteference in domestic affairs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bush R. (2016). Hong Kong in the Shadow of China: Living with the Leviathan. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. 400 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bush R. (2016). 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