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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2022.20.3.70.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-280</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Глобализация межкультурной кинокоммуникации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Globalization of Cinematographic Communication</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жабский</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhabskiy</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Жабский</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michail Zhabskiy</p><p>Moscow, 127521</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.zhabsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасов</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasov</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл Тарасов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kiryll Tarasov</p><p>Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.tarasov@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Академия медиаиндустрии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Media Industry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жабский М., Тарасов К., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жабский М., Тарасов К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhabskiy M., Tarasov K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/280">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/280</self-uri><abstract><p>Глобализация межкультурной кинокоммуникации в формате американизации рассматривается в аспекте остро стоящей проблемы – сохранения культурного разнообразия в мире. Глобализационный процесс осмыслен как результат исторической смены форм рынка: от свободной конкуренции в киноиндустрии США – к олигополии, а от неё – к национальной и международной монополии. В период полиполии русло глобализации прокладывала родоначальница синематографа – Франция. Соединённые Штаты, где в 1908 г. доля французских фильмов составляла 70%, бросили ей решительный вызов. Рассматриваются три фактора – институциональный, геополитический и творческий – утраты французами в период олигополии доминирующих позиций на американском, а затем и на собственном рынке. На «мягкую силу» американского кинематографа французское государство ответило квотированием кинопоказа, мотивируя это, в частности, необходимостью обеспечения внутренней и внешней безопасности, охраны обычаев и национальных традиций. К квотированию как средству ограничения «мягкой силы» со стороны США прибегли и другие страны. Большие – прежде всего по экономическим соображениям, малые – по культурным. Глобализационная мощь американской киноиндустрии объясняется рациональным выбором магистрального пути её стилистического развития и мастерством создателей фильмов, профессионализмом акторов менедждмента и маркетинга, инвестициями крупного капитала и поддержкой правительства в его стремлении к «культурной гегемонии» США. Крупные кинофирмы, возникшие в период олигополии (1909–1929), конкуренцию на рынке США вели согласованно. Непосильной для малых фирм инвестиционной суперзатратной конкуренцией они установили на внутреннем рынке режим национальной монополии (1930–1946). На мировом рынке избранный способ конкуренции позволил американской киноиндустрии обрести во второй половине 1940­х годов статус международного монополиста. Важную роль при этом сыграла созданная в 1945 г. Американская ассоциация экспортёров фильмов – своего рода «дипломатическая служба», функционирующая с позволения и при поддержке правительства США. В статусе глобального монополиста американская киноиндустрия стремится не только доминировать в межкультурной кинокоммуникации, но и в качестве средства популярной геополитики контролировать её путём лоббирования, экспорта капитала и товаров. Трансграничное движение продуктов национальных кинематографий и культурное разнообразие в сфере кинематографа в значительной мере стало жертвой глобализационного процесса. На обширном фактическом материале воссоздаётся картина дисбаланса в межкультурной кинокоммуникации. Когда в социально­функциональном плане импорт фильмов в конкретной стране в основном заменяет их собственное производство, социум в значительной мере лишается возможности воспроизводить свою культуру и, следовательно, идентичность изображением собственного имиджа и его освоением. Создание национальной кинематографической картины мира и её успешное включение в коммуникативный процесс становится актуальной задачей обеспечения культурного разнообразия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the globalization – in its Americanization format – of the international cinematic communication within the perspective of the cultural diversity issue. The globalization process is comprehended as a result of the historical succession of market formations: from free competition in American cinema to an oligopoly and on to a national and an international monopoly. During the period of polipoly, the trail for globalization was blazed by the grande dame of the cinématographe: France. The United States, where in 1908 the market share of French films equaled 70%, mounted a resolute challenge. Under consideration are three factors – institutional, geopolitical, and creative – of the loss by the French of their domination over the American and, then, their own market. To the soft power of American cinema, the French state responded with the quota stimulation for the exhibition of national films, motivating it, among other things, by the necessity of providing for the external and internal security of the state, by the guardianship of customs and national traditions. To the quotas as a means of mitigating the soft power of the United States did recourse some other countries too: larger ones, for economic considerations; smaller ones, for cultural. The globalizational might of the American film industry is explained through the rational choice of the main line for its stylistic development and the filmmakers’ masterfulness, as well as through the professionalism of managemental and marketing actors, investment from big capital, and through support from government in its push for the «cultural hegemony» of the United States. The major studios that emerged during the period of oligopoly (1909– 1929) competed with one another on the terms of a certain accord. With the means of competing by supercostly investments, far beyond the capabilities of smaller studios, the majors established for the domestic market a regime of national monopoly (1930–1946). On the world market the elected method of competition enabled the American film industry, in the second half of the 1940s, to gain the position of the international monopolist. An important role in the process was played by Motion Picture Export Association, established in 1945: a sort of «a diplomatic service» that functioned with permission from and under the support of the U.S. government. From its position of the global monopolist the American film industry strives not only to dominate in the intercultural cinematic communication, but, in this status and as a means of the popular geopolitics, to control it through lobbying and by exporting capital and goods. The transborder circulation of products by various national cinemas and cultural diversity of cinematography have largely fallen prey the globalization process. On the basis of vast factual research is recreated the state of the art for the imbalance in the intercultural film communication. When, in a social­functional respect, the importing of films mainly supplants their production in a certain country, the socium, by a large magnitude, is deprived of the chance to reproduce its culture and, accordingly, its identity with the means of depicting its own image and of mastering it. The making of national cinematic picture of the world and its integration into the communicative process becomes a topical task of providing for cultural diversity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>межкультурная коммуникация</kwd><kwd>популярная геополитика</kwd><kwd>киноиндустрия</kwd><kwd>Голливуд</kwd><kwd>«мягкая сила»</kwd><kwd>рынок</kwd><kwd>глобализация</kwd><kwd>культурное разнообразие</kwd><kwd>государство</kwd><kwd>квотирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intercultural communication</kwd><kwd>popular geopolitics</kwd><kwd>film industry</kwd><kwd>Hollywood</kwd><kwd>soft power</kwd><kwd>market</kwd><kwd>globalization</kwd><kwd>cultural diversity</kwd><kwd>state</kwd><kwd>quota system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреев Л. Письма о театре (Фрагменты) // История отечественного кино: Хрестоматия. 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