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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2023.21.1.72.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-311</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПИСЬМО В РЕДАКЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LETTER TO THE EDITOR</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Чем движим Запад в своей энергетической политике?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>What Drives the West in Its Energy Policy?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровский</surname><given-names>Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovsky</surname><given-names>Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Боровский</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury Borovsky</p><p>Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuribor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>189–211</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боровский Ю., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боровский Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borovsky Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/311">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/311</self-uri><abstract><p>В 2022 г. после начала специальной военной операции Российской Федерации на Украине государства, составляющие «коллективный Запад», ввели беспрецедентные энергетические санкции против Москвы. Настоящая статья выявляет мотивы энергетической политики «коллективного Запада». Первая часть представляет утилитарное видение проблемы. Автор приходит к выводу, что, несмотря на сланцевую революцию в США и развитие возобновляемой энергетики, западные государства продолжают сильно зависеть от импорта нефти и газа и, значит, в энергетической политике главным образом движимы желанием нивелировать критическую значимость углеводородов во избежание политических и экономических последствий. Во второй части статьи западная энергетическая политика рассмотрена на тактическом уровне, на котором она может иметь либо оборонительный, либо наступательный характер, а также на стратегическом уровне, где «коллективный Запад» в основном нацелен на осуществление энергоперехода. Статья показывает, что с точки зрения теории международных отношений энергетическая политика Запада в её тактическом и стратегическом измерении в наибольшей степени вписывается в реалистскую концепцию. Базовые либеральные императивы влияют на неё в недостаточной степени, а конструктивизм не способен выявить объективные закономерности в действиях Запада в энергетической сфере. Дополнительные теоретические точки опоры для понимания мотивов «коллективного Запада» в области энергоснабжения дают концепции либерального интервенционизма и неоконсерватизма, а также неомарксизм. Последний видит энергетическую политику Запада в контексте противоборства государств «центра», «периферии» и «полупериферии».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2022, the countries united by the concept of “the West” imposed unprecedented energy sanctions on Russia, thereby reacting to Moscow's special military operation in Ukraine launched in February. This article presents a comprehensive study aimed at identifying the essential motives of the “collective West’s” energy policy. The first part of the paper gives an utilitarian vision of the problem in question. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite the U.S. shale revolution and the development of renewable energy sources, Western states, taken together, continue to depend heavily on oil and gas imports and, therefore, they are mostly driven in their energy policy by the need to neutralize the critical importance of hydrocarbons with a view to avoiding political and economic ramifications. The paper, in its second part, considers the Western energy policy at the tactical level where it can be either defensive or offensive as well as at the strategic level where the united West seeks mostly to effect energy transition. The article demonstrates that, from the perspective of international relations theory, the West’s energy policy in its tactical and strategic dimensions fits most into the realist concept. Basic liberal imperatives define it as a relatively feeble one whereas constructivism is not able to identify its objective patterns. Additional theoretical footholds in understanding the West’s motives in the field of energy supply are provided by the concepts of liberal interventionism and neoconservatism as well as by neo­Marxism. The latter sees the energy policy of the West through the prism of the struggle of states forming the "center", "periphery" and "semi­periphery" of the world.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Иран</kwd><kwd>Венесуэла. После начала специальной военной опе­ «энергетическое оружие»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Energy policy</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>EU</kwd><kwd>theory of international relations</kwd><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>energy crisis</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>Iran</kwd><kwd>Venezuela</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисов М.Г. Энергетический переход и геополитика // Восточная аналитика. 2020. №1. 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