intertrendsМеждународные процессыInternational Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy1728-27561811-2773AEFIR10.17994/IT.2023.21.3.74.8intertrends-370Research ArticleФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮCATCHING A TRENDДинамика проевропейского консенсуса на постъюгославском пространствеThe Pro-EU Party Consensus Dynamics in the Post-Yugoslav SpaceМалешевичАнастасияMaleshevichAnastasiaМГИМО МИД России, МоскваРоссияMGIMO University, Moscow, 119454Russian Federation202319022024213143160Copyright © Малешевич А., 20232023Малешевич А.Maleshevich A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/370

В статье рассматривается становление внутриполитического консенсуса относительно европейской интеграции в странах бывшей Югославии. Среди изучаемых случаев есть как полноправные члены Европейского Союза, так и страны-кандидаты, но модель отношений новых государств с Брюсселем с точки зрения переговорного процесса имеет похожую логику. Формирование консенсуса в данном случае подразумевает согласие всех системных политических партий с идеей вступления в ЕС как с главной стратегической целью, закреплённое в соответствующих межпартийных декларациях и резолюциях парламентов. Опорным концептом выступает феномен европеизации, которым описываются обратные эффекты интеграционного процесса, возникающие как следствие институционального влияния евроинтеграции на субъектов политического процесса в рамках отдельной страны. Проблематика формирования консенсуса между разными политическими силами по вопросу вступления в ЕС рассматривается как частный случай европеизации политических партий. Исследование выполнено в методологической традиции нового институционализма: автор ставит вопрос, как под влиянием институтов ЕС меняются интересы и программные установки постъюгославских политических партий. Для систематизации тенденций развития партий в постбиполярных условиях большое значение имела критика идеологии радикального центризма, указывающая на тенденцию к сближению идейных установок политических партий и к установлению неолиберального консенсуса (гегемонии). Достижение согласия между всеми парламентскими партиями в республиках бывшей СФРЮ по вопросу евроинтеграции и устойчивость сложившегося консенсуса выглядят неоднозначно с учётом того, что общественное мнение на разных стадиях интеграционного процесса было достаточно поляризованным, а особенно на фоне изменения политической конфигурации в Европе. Делаются выводы о том, что смещение политических партий на центристские позиции и восприятие любой альтернативы выбранному курсу как слишком радикальной способствовали устойчивости проевропейского консенсуса, но при этом отсутствие состоятельной политической ниши для выступающих против евроинтеграции сил при их потенциально высокой народной популярности указывает на проблему демократического дефицита.

The article examines the evolution of domestic political consensus around European Integration in the countries of former Yugoslavia. Being on the different stages of accession process, these countries are exposed to Brussels’ institutional influence which encourages domestic politics and policy change. Ambiguous attitude of national political actors towards the European Union at the start of negotiations did not impede reaching the agreement among almost all the political parties concerning EU accession as a priority goal. Domestic impact of European Integration described by the term Europeanization. The establishment of the pro-EU consensus is viewed as a specific case of the Europeanization of the postYugoslav political parties. Based on new institutionalism theory, the inquiry raises the question of how the interests and programmatic orientations of political parties in former Yugoslavia transform under direct or indirect influence of European institutions. European strategic orientation is formalized in unanimous parliamentary resolutions which preceded the signing of Europe / Stabilization and Association agreements. Consequently, any political alternative to European integration became radical, and therefore the Eurosceptic forces either marginalized or embraced the consensus. The paper concludes that the sustainability of the pro-EU consensus is reinforced by the ideological change of political parties towards the radical centrism which at the same time represents the EU institutional impact. The absence of political space to express the pursuit of alternative to European integration does not correctly reflect public opinion and reveals the democratic deficit issue

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.