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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2023.21.4.75.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-398</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансформация политики США, ЕС и КНР в области содействия развитию на фоне междержавного соперничества</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transformation of Development Assistance under Great Power Rivalry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутырин</surname><given-names>Вячеслав</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutyrin</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University, Moscow.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сутырин В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сутырин В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sutyrin V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/398">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/398</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу подходов США, ЕС и КНР к политике содействия международному развитию (СМР) с учётом тенденций, проявившихся в начале 2020-х годов. Выявлены общие и особенные черты в деятельности каждого из субъектов, раскрыты ключевые факторы, определяющие трансформацию подходов в условиях геополитического соперничества. К общим характеристикам относятся стремление к комплексному воздействию, увязке экономических проектов с культурно-гуманитарным влиянием и безопасностью. В действиях западных игроков сохраняется ориентация на переформатирование общественно-политических структур целевых стран. Отчётливо проявляются тенденции секьюритизации, которые в случае Вашингтона демонстрируют признаки «вепонизации» СМР – размывания грани между военной помощью, военно-политическим целеполаганием и традиционным содействием развитию. Политика в сфере СМР испытывает растущее давление краткосрочных приоритетов усиливающегося геополитического соперничества. Китай, в отличие от западных стран, избегает навязывания своей модели развития и секьюритизации СМР. Пекин выдвигает новые глобальные инициативы, стремясь позиционировать их как альтернативу политике Соединённых Штатов в сфере СМР. Место «мягкой силы» в мире междержавного соперничества постепенно занимают более сложные и комбинированные формы внешнеполитического влияния, сочетающие в себе культурно-гуманитарные, дипломатические, геоэкономические и силовые инструменты, важнейшим невоенным ресурсом для которых остаются программы в сфере СМР. Растущее значение приобретают новые пространства соперничества, связанные с индустриально-технологической гонкой, в том числе в области энергетики, климата и цепочек поставок, влияющие на политику СМР. Возрастает роль культурно-гуманитарных инструментов влияния в связи с развитием информационно-коммуникационных технологий воздействия на человека, расширением числа негосударственных участников международных отношений и ростом активности Китая на арене гуманитарного сотрудничества и борьбы, в рамках которой бросается вызов доминированию Запада в данной сфере.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper deals with official development assistance (ODA) policies of the USA, the EU and China in the comparative context of latest developments. The development approaches of the three actors under investigation demonstrate common features as well as idiosyncrasies in terms of management, resources, and ideological justification. All actors strive towards complex model of influence through ODA including tying together economic projects with sociocultural heft and security. The underlying trends characteristic of the USA, and in significant degree of the EU approaches combine traditional aim of reshaping sociopolitical institutions of target countries with growing securitization concerns. In the case of the U.S., one can speak of ‘militarization’ of ODA which means blurring the lines between military aid (and goalsetting) and traditional development assistance. China is on the way of reforming its international development cooperation industry, seeking to transform it into a more complex toolset of influence, better coordinated, and more closely knit to foreign policy and security objectives. In contrast to the Western paradigm, Beijing avoids imposing its model of development and threat perception upon the aid-recipient countries. The analysis concludes that “soft power” concept is being sidelined in the world of great power rivalry by more complex and hybrid formats of foreign influence which combine sociocultural, political, geoeconomic, and military instruments, with development assistance playing a role of one of the primary foreign policy resources. New dimensions of rivalry associated with industrial and technological race in energy, climate, and supply chains are coming to the fore in ODA policies. The role of sociocultural influence toolkit is growing given information and communication technologies progress, proliferation of non-state actors in international relations, and increasing activity of China in the area, which challenges the dominant positions the Western actors have enjoyed for over 30 years.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>содействие международному развитию</kwd><kwd>великодержавное соперничество</kwd><kwd>помощь развитию</kwd><kwd>СМР</kwd><kwd>культурно-гуманитарное влияние</kwd><kwd>мягкая сила</kwd><kwd>дипломатия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>official development assistance</kwd><kwd>great power rivalry</kwd><kwd>development aid</kwd><kwd>ODA</kwd><kwd>sociocultural influence</kwd><kwd>soft&#13;
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