intertrendsМеждународные процессыInternational Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy1728-27561811-2773AEFIR10.17994/IT.2023.21.4.75.7intertrends-402Research ArticleФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮCATCHING A TRENDВ поисках разделённого другого. Проблема восприятия угроз и невмешательства в международные кризисыIn search of antagonistic other. Troubling threats and non-interventionНеклюдовНикитаNeklyudovNikitaМГИМО МИД России, МоскваРоссияMGIMO University, MoscowRussian Federation202326042024214156170Copyright © Неклюдов Н., 20242024Неклюдов Н.Neklyudov N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/402

Исследование посвящено проблематике артикуляции международных угроз и вмешательства в международные кризисы. Оставляя за скобками традиционные подходы к исследованию конструирования угроз, как-то: секьюритизация, стратегические нарративы или конструирование идентичности по Дэвиду Кемпбеллу, автор обращается к теории дискурсивной гегемонии Эрнесто Лакло и Шанталь Муфф. В постструктуралистском прочтении концепта «гегемония» Лакло и Муфф анализируют, как политические классы формулируют дискурс, легитимирующий политическую власть. В центре внимания данного исследования – артикуляционные практики западного истеблишмента (политического и дипломатического) с целью сформировать гегемонию и тем самым оправдать военно-политическое вмешательство в сирийский и ливийский конфликты. Развивая имеющиеся подходы к интерпретации дискурсивной гегемонии, автор вводит понятие «разделённый Другой». В интерпретации автора «разделённый Другой» выступает формой дискурсивной гегемонии политического субъекта с целью легитимации военного вмешательства. «Разделённый Другой» представляет собой сцену насилия, в которой Другой-Диктатор осуществляет насилие над Другим-Гражданином. Объект исследования – дискуссии политиков и дипломатов в стенах Совета Безопасности ООН и пресс-центра НАТО на фоне развивающихся конфликтов в Сирии и Ливии. Исследование показывает, что накануне вмешательства НАТО в Ливийскую гражданскую войну (2011) западные дипломаты успешно артикулировали «разделённого Другого», тогда как в ходе обширных дискуссий в стенах Совета Безопасности ООН западным дипломатам не удалось артикулировать гегемонию.

This research underscores the complexities of constructing hegemonic narratives in the face of geopolitical dynamics surrounding military crises. Departing from conventional analyses focused on securitization theory, strategic narratives, or David Campbell’s framework of identity construction in response to external perils, this study draws upon the concept of hegemonic practices as elucidated by Ernest Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. Through an exploration of how political actors employ discursive strategies to construct hegemony, the research centers on the Western political elites’ efforts to establish political hegemony to rationalize military intervention in the Middle East. Utilizing the notion of the antagonistic Other, which posits two mutually constitutive Others where one is perceived as the source of violence against the other, representing civilians, this paper examines the political discourse surrounding two concurrent events in the Middle East: the conflicts in Syria and Libya. The analysis reveals that while the Western political class constructed a political hegemony around Libya by portraying Muammar Gaddafi and the victimized civilians as opposing Others, a similar narrative failed to materialize for Syria: Western powers encountered expected challenges in articulating a clear antagonistic Other, on account of the position of Russia and other countries representing non-Western political culture. Throughout the period of 2011– 2014, Bashar al-Assad, despite his role as the Syrian president, was not consistently portrayed as the source of antagonism towards civilians.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.