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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/IT.2024.22.2.77.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-484</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фактор советской угрозы в политике администрации Дж. Картера в Иране (1978–1981)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Soviet Threat Factor in US Policy Towards Iran during the 1978–1981 Crisis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юнгблюд</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yungblyud</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юнгблюд Валерий Теодорович – доктор исторических наук, президент университета</p><p>Киров</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery Yungblyud – Prof., President</p><p>Kirov, 610000 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valerteod@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенников</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sennikov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сенников Алексей Иванович – кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник Кафедры истории и политических наук</p><p>Киров</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey Sennikov – Research Associate, Department of History and Political Science</p><p>Kirov, 610000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Вятский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Vyatka State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юнгблюд В.Т., Сенников А.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юнгблюд В.Т., Сенников А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yungblyud V., Sennikov A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/484">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/484</self-uri><abstract><p>Революция в Иране 1978–1979 годов серьёзно ударила по позициям США на Ближнем и Среднем Востоке и нанесла ущерб репутации Вашингтона «в третьем мире». Американское руководство было склонно винить если не во всей ситуации, то как минимум в её эскалации «руку Москвы». Антисоветская пропаганда в американских СМИ и алармистский настрой политического руководства страны стали ещё более выраженными после ввода советских войск в Афганистан в конце декабря 1979 года. В совокупности указанные обстоятельства способствовали началу нового витка биполярной конфронтации, а также реанимации штампов о «неминуемости советской угрозы» и «природном экспансионизме русских». Советское руководство тем временем было заинтересовано в поощрении иранских властей к продолжению антиамериканского курса, но не имело захватнических устремлений в отношении Тегерана. В Москве опасались вторжения Соединённых Штатов в Иран и расширения присутствия американских вооружённых сил в регионе Персидского залива. На основе документов Российского государственного архива новейшей истории (РГАНИ), а также доступных опубликованных и оцифрованных источников государственных и разведывательных структур США в статье показано, что восприятие СССР как угрозы было важным элементом политики администрации Картера. Обосновываются выводы о том, что 1) разрабатываемые в течение острой фазы кризисного периода планы отражения потенциального советского вторжения в Иран выходили далеко за пределы регионального противостояния; 2) ведущую роль в разработке концептуальных рамок восприятия советской угрозы и подготовки вариантов ответа на этот вызов принадлежала советнику президента по национальной безопасности Зб. Бжезинскому, выдвинувшему в сентябре 1980 г. идею горизонтальной («географической») эскалации; 3) страх советской угрозы в США оказался более значимым, чем фактор исламского фундаментализма. Политический потенциал режима Хомейни изначально недооценивался. Идеологическая цельность, самодостаточность и цивилизационная амбициозность радикального политического ислама должной оценки не получили.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The 1978–1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and the subsequent crisis of US–Iranian relations significantly impacted the US standing in the Middle East and damaged Washington’s reputation in the Third World. The American leadership tended to blame, if not the entire situation, at least the “hand of Moscow” for its escalation. Anti-Soviet propaganda in the American media and the alarmist attitude of the US political leadership became even more pronounced after the Soviet troops entered Afghanistan at the end of December 1979. These circumstances contributed to a renewed round of bipolar confrontation and revived cliches about the “inevitability of the Soviet threat” and “natural expansionism of Russians.” Meanwhile, the Soviet leadership was interested in encouraging the Iranian authorities to pursue their anti-American course, yet it had no aggressive aspirations towards Iran. Moscow was wary of a US invasion of Iran and the proliferation of American armed forces in the Persian Gulf. Based on documents from the Russian State Archive of Modern History (RGANI), as well as available published and digitized sources from US government and intelligence agencies, the article shows that the perception of the USSR as a “threat” became an important element of the Carter administration's policy. The article substantiates the following conclusions: 1) the plans developed during the acute phase of the crisis period to repel a potential Soviet invasion of Iran extended far beyond the regional confrontation; 2) the leading role in developing the conceptual framework for crystallizing the “Soviet threat” and preparing responses belonged to Zb. Brzezinski, Presidential Adviser on National Security, who introduced the idea of horizontal (“geographical”) escalation in September 1980; 3) the US overestimated the “Soviet threat” to the detriment of Islamic fundamentalism. The political potential of the Khomeini regime, the ideological integrity, self-sufficiency and civilizational ambition of radical Islam were not adequately evaluated at this stage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>американо-иранские отношения</kwd><kwd>советский фактор</kwd><kwd>революция в Иране</kwd><kwd>кризис с заложниками 1979 года</kwd><kwd>холодная война</kwd><kwd>ближневосточная периферия «холодной войны»</kwd><kwd>Дж. Картер</kwd><kwd>Зб. Бжезинский</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>American-Iranian relations</kwd><kwd>Soviet Threat Factor</kwd><kwd>Iranian revolution</kwd><kwd>1979 Hostage crisis</kwd><kwd>the Cold War</kwd><kwd>the Middle Eastern periphery of the Cold War</kwd><kwd>James Earl Carter</kwd><kwd>Zbigniew Brzezinski</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-78-10179, https://rscf.ru/project/22-78-10179/</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 22-78-10179, https://rscf.ru/project/22-78-10179/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агаев С.Л. Иранская революция, США и международная безопасность: 444 дня в заложниках. 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