intertrendsМеждународные процессыInternational Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy1728-27561811-2773AEFIR10.46272/IT.2024.22.2.77.6intertrends-488Research ArticleФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮCATCHING A TRENDДинамика международного научного сотрудничества в условиях санкций: опыт ИранаDynamics of International Scientific Cooperation under SanctionsШугуровМ. В.ShugurovM.

Шугуров Марк Владимирович – доктор философских наук, профессор Кафедры международного права

Саратов

Mark Shugurov – Professor, Department of International Law

Saratov, 410056

shugurovs@mail.ruСаратовская государственная юридическая академияРоссияSaratov State Law AcademyRussian Federation202422122024222120150Copyright © Шугуров М.В., 20242024Шугуров М.В.Shugurov M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/488

Опыт Ирана по сохранению и расширению международных научных связей в условиях непрекращающегося санкционного давления, включая ограничительные меры в отношении иранской науки в её национальном и международном измерениях, представляет повышенный интерес для Российской Федерации. Тем не менее в предыдущих исследованиях не воссоздана целостная картина проблем и успехов интеграции данного государства в международное научное сообщество. Последнее связано с длинными и короткими санкционными волнами, задававшими ритмы эскалации и деэскалации в 2010–2024 годах. В статье проведён анализ негативного воздействия санкций на иранскую науку сквозь призму проактивных мер, предпринимаемых Ираном с целью смягчения отрицательных последствий описываемых ограничений не только посредством внутренних инициатив, но и посредством наращивания потенциала научной дипломатии. Автор детализирует типологические характеристики санкций в отношении Ирана, которые оказали негативное влияние на научно-технологический потенциал и международное сотрудничество с его участием. В результате исследования выделены подэтапы интернационализации иранской науки в условиях ограничительных мер со стороны Запада. В качестве причин успехов Ирана в международном сотрудничестве выделено отсутствие высокой степени консолидации санкционной коалиции, отсутствие лавинообразных научных санкций и резких институциональных разрывов с западными странами, следование традиционной модели научной дипломатии, а также развитие научных контактов со странами, рассматривающими его в качестве перспективного научного партнёра. В статье был сформулирован вывод о том, что особенностью модели иранской научной дипломатии является то, что наибольшие усилия по формированию институциональных связей в области международного научно-технического сотрудничества (МНТС) осуществляются на межправительственном уровне при достаточно скромной роли субъектов академического сектора (университеты, ассоциации и аналитические центры). В этой связи от зарубежных участников МНТС, заинтересованных в партнёрстве с Ираном, требуется понимание данной специфики, а также разработка и реализация соответствующих алгоритмов взаимодействия.

Iran’s record in maintaining and expanding international scientific relations under an ongoing sanctions regime – encompassing restrictive measures against both its national and international scientific activities – is of significant interest to the Russian Federation. However, the existing literature does not give a comprehensive account of the challenges and achievements related to g Iran’s integration into the international scientific community, especially in light of the fluctuating waves of anti-Iranian sanctions from 2010 to 2024. These sanctions cycles have been marked by periods of both escalation and de-escalation. The article examines the negative impact of sanctions on Iranian science while assessing Iran’s proactive measures to mitigate these effects, including domestic initiatives and efforts to bolster the potential of science diplomacy. Special attention is given to the typological characteristics of sanctions imposed on Iran, which had a negative impact on the scientific and technological potential and international cooperation with its participation. Consequently, the paper identifies key phases in the internationalization of Iranian science under sanctions. Factors contributing to Iran’s success in international cooperation include the lack of strong cohesion within the sanctions coalition, the absence of avalanching scientific sanctions and of sharp institutional ruptures with Western countries, the adoption of traditional scientific diplomacy, and Iran’s strategic pivot towards nations that view it as a promising scientific hub. The article concluded that the peculiarity of the Iranian scientific diplomacy model is that the greatest efforts to form institutional ties in the field of ISTC are carried out at the intergovernmental level with a rather modest role of academic sector entities (universities, associations and think tanks). Therefore, foreign participants in ISTC interested in partnership with Iran need to understand this specificity, as well as develop and implement appropriate interaction algorithms.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.