intertrendsМеждународные процессыInternational Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy1728-27561811-2773AEFIR10.46272/IT.2024.22.2.77.7intertrends-489Research ArticleФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮCATCHING A TRENDПравовые проблемы энергетического перехода в контексте международных документов о поощрении возобновляемых источников энергииLegal Issues of Energy Transition in the Context of International Instruments on the Promotion of Renewable Energy SourcesМилюковаМ. А.MilyukovaM.

Милюкова Мария Андреевна – аспирант Кафедры международного права

Москва

Maria Milyukova – PhD Candidate, Department of International Law

Moscow

БуникИ. В.BunikI.

Буник Иван Владимирович – кандидат юридических наук, адвокат, партнёр Московской коллегии адвокатов «Тимофеев, Фаренвальд и партнёры», старший научный сотрудник Института международных исследований

Москва

Ivan Bunik – Attorney-at-law, partner, Moscow law firm “Timofeev, Vahrenwald and Partners”, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for International Studies

Moscow

i.bunik@tbplaw.comМГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияMGIMO UniversityRussian Federation202422122024222151178Copyright © Милюкова М.А., Буник И.В., 20242024Милюкова М.А., Буник И.В.Milyukova M., Bunik I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/489

Расширение использования возобновляемых источников энергии рассматривается международным сообществом в качестве одного из способов достижения Целей устойчивого развития (ЦУР). Увеличение производства и потребления энергии из данных источников и стимулирующая эти процессы государственная политика часто увязываются с понятиями «энергетический переход» и «промышленная революция» как условия достижения ЦУР. Границы такой политики определяются в соответствии с действующим международным правом, которое таким образом влияет на основные черты формирующейся мировой энергетической системы. В статье анализируются основные политико-правовые характеристики понятия «энергетический переход» с целью определить, какую роль в данном процессе играет международное право о возобновляемых источниках энергии (ВИЭ). Авторы приходят к выводу о дуалистическом значении последнего. С одной стороны, многочисленные международные природоохранные соглашения, региональные механизмы сотрудничества и акты «мягкого права» отражают в целом положительное отношение международного сообщества к ВИЭ как фактору энергетического перехода. В то же время данная категория документов призвана ограничить поощрение проектов возобновляемой энергетики соблюдением основных принципов международного экологического права в целях минимизации ущерба окружающей среде. С другой стороны, энергетически нейтральные инвестиционные соглашения (в частности, Договор к Энергетической хартии) и документы системы ВТО увеличивают расходы государств и конечных потребителей энергии на осуществление такого перехода. Авторы предлагают следующий перечень основ международного взаимодействия в области ВИЭ, на которые должны опираться соответствующие источники международного права: минимизация экологических рисков, обмен лучшими практиками поощрения ВИЭ и устойчивого ограничения потребления углеводородных источников энергии, сотрудничество с широким кругом негосударственных субъектов, устранение коллизий между источниками международного экологического права и источниками международного торгового и инвестиционного права.

Renewable energy sources (hereinafter referred to as RES) are considered by the international community as one of the ways to achieve sustainable development goals (in particular, SDG-7). Increased consumption of renewable energy and government policies stimulating it are often linked in this regard to the concepts of “energy transition” and “industrial revolution” as necessary conditions for achieving the SDGs. The boundaries of such a policy are shaped, among other things, by current international law, which can significantly influence the emerging global energy system. This article analyzes the primary political and legal characteristics of the term “energy transition” to understand the role of international law concerning renewable energy sources in its development. The authors conclude that this role is dualistic. On the one hand, numerous international environmental agreements, regional cooperation mechanisms and “soft aw” instruments reflect a generally positive attitude of the international community towards RES, promoting the current energy transition. All the while, these documents aim to ensure that the promotion of RES projects complies with the fundamental principles of international environmental law to minimize environmental damage. On the other hand, “energy neutral” investment agreements, such as the Energy Charter Treaty, and WTO instruments increase the costs for states and end-users to implement this transition. The authors propose several potential foundations for the international cooperation in the area of RES, which should be based on: minimizing environmental risks, sharing “best practices” for promoting RES, sustainably limiting the consumption of hydrocarbon energy sources, cooperating with a wide range of non-state actors, and eliminating conflicts between sources of international environmental law and sources of international trade and investment law.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.