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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2019.17.4.59.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-537</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Система разрешения споров ВТО: преодоление кризиса и необходимость реформ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Crisis of WTO Dispute Resolution System: Crisis Overcoming and Need for Reforms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаченко</surname><given-names>Татьяна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isachenko</surname><given-names>Tatiana</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исаченко Татьяна Михайловна - доктор экономических наук, профессор Кафедры МЭО и ВЭС им. Н.Н. Ливенцева МГИМО МИД России</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Tatiana Isachenko - Professor, Nikolay Liventsev Department of International Economic Relations and Foreign Economic Cooperation, MGIMO University</p><p>Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatiana_isachenko@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельев</surname><given-names>Олег</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelyev</surname><given-names>Oleg</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савельев Олег Владимирович - кандидат экономических наук, доцент Кафедры торговой политики Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Oleg Savelyev - Associate Professor, Department of Trade Policy, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</p><p>Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savelyev_oleg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University – Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Исаченко Т., Савельев О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исаченко Т., Савельев О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Isachenko T., Savelyev O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/537">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/537</self-uri><abstract><p>Наличие механизма разрешения международных торговых споров в рамках Всемирной торговой организации (ВТО) является одним из наиболее значимых преимуществ данной организации и важно не только с экономической, но и с политической точки зрения. На протяжении 25 лет существования ВТО и, соответственно, универсального механизма разрешения споров (МРС) удалось достигнуть большей транспарентности в применении правил, создать прецедентную базу и дать возможность странам отстаивать свои позиции по вопросам применения мер торговой политики на основе общепризнанного механизма. Сторонники функционирования данного механизма утверждают, что он помог предотвратить торговые войны, одновременно защищая права малых государств в ВТО. В свою очередь, критические аргументы заключаются в том, что реально воспользоваться преимуществами данного механизма могут только самые сильные государства, способные эффективно отстаивать свои доводы. Утверждения критиков нашли своё подтверждение в последних событиях, когда политика Д. Трампа по «восстановлению» американского величия превратила этот «рабочий» инструмент в политическое орудие, что привело систему оспаривания противоречий к глубокому кризису и, более того, поставило под вопрос эффективность ВТО. В процессе формирования МРС ВТО представители входящих в неё стран стремились к максимальному обеспечению прозрачности, справедливости и независимости принимаемых решений, основанных исключительно на согласованных принципах и процедурах. В то же время в 2019 г. МРС оказался в кризисной ситуации из-за нарушения процедурных принципов некоторыми его участниками, из-за чего, в частности, практически была парализована работа одного из важнейших элементов – Апелляционного органа. Цель настоящей статьи состоит в выявлении основных причин кризиса МРС и обосновании необходимости его реформы в рамках реформы ВТО с учётом позиций отдельных членов Организации. Проанализировав основные причины кризиса, а также предложения отдельных исследователей и аргументы стран, авторы делают выводы о возможных путях решения возникших проблем, вскрывая политический характер проблемы и подчёркивая необходимость поддержания данного механизма как одной из основ современной многосторонней торговой системы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The existence of a mechanism for resolving international trade disputes (IFAs) within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the most significant advantages of this organization and is important not only from an economic, but also from a political point of view. Over the 25 years of the existence of the WTO and, accordingly, of the universal dispute resolution mechanism (IFA), it has been possible to achieve greater transparency in the application of the rules, create a precedent base and enable countries to defend their positions on the application of trade policy measures based on a universally recognized mechanism. Proponents of the functioning of this mechanism argue that it helped prevent trade wars while protecting the rights of smaller states in the WTO. In turn, the critical arguments are that only the most powerful states capable of effectively defending their arguments can really take advantage of this mechanism. The allegations of critics have been confirmed recently when D. Trump’s policy of “restoring” American greatness and domination (Make America Great Again) turned this “working” tool into a political tool, which drove the system into a deep crisis and, moreover, questioned the effectiveness of the WTO at large. In the process of forming the WTO, IFAs and representatives of its member countries strove to maximize the transparency, fairness and independence of decisions based solely on the agreed upon principles and procedures. At the same time, in 2019, the DSM was in a crisis situation due to a violation of the procedural principles by some of its participants, due to which, in particular, the work of one of the most important elements, the Appeals Body, was practically paralyzed.</p><p>The purpose of this article is to identify the main causes of the current crisis of the IFA and to substantiate the need for its reform within the framework of the WTO reform, taking into account the positions of individual members of the Organization. After analyzing the main causes of the crisis, as well as the proposals of individual researchers and the arguments of countries, the authors draw conclusions about possible solutions to the problems that have arisen, reflecting on the political nature of the problem and the need to maintain this mechanism as one of the foundations of the modern multilateral trading system.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>механизм разрешения споров</kwd><kwd>многосторонняя торговая система</kwd><kwd>политическое влияние</kwd><kwd>реформа ВТО</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>WTO Dispute settlement mechanism</kwd><kwd>multilateral trading system</kwd><kwd>political influence</kwd><kwd>WTO reform</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дмитриев С.С. 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