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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2023.21.4.75.88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-542</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Будущность российско-китайского союзничества в контексте теории международных отношений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theories of International Relations and Prospects of a Military Alliance Between Russia and China</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киреева</surname><given-names>Анна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kireeva</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киреева Анна Андреевна - кандидат политических наук, доцент Кафедры востоковедения; научный сотрудник Центра комплексного китаеведения и региональных проектов, МГИМО МИД России</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Anna Kireeva - Associate Professor, Department of Asian and African Studies; Research Fellow, Center for Comprehensive Chinese Studies and Regional Projects, MGIMO University</p><p>Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.kireeva@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Киреева А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Киреева А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kireeva A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/542">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/542</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье предлагается ответ на вопрос о том, почему при расширении сотрудничества между Россией и Китаем, военные аспекты которого ставят страны на грань формирования альянса, тем не менее не происходит закрепления договорных обязательств сторон по коллективной обороне. Анализ двусторонних отношений на основе теории альянсов позволяет обратить внимание на соотношение выгод и издержек, которое не способствует заключению такого рода союза. В частности, вероятность его заключения снижают наличие как совпадающих, так и различающихся интересов, асимметрия комплексной мощи и отношений взаимозависимости двух стран. На основе анализа параметров стратегического партнёрства в исследовании демонстрируется, что отношения России и КНР представляют собой сближение, структурированное вокруг системной цели достижения полицентричного мирового порядка и отстаивания ряда общих принципов. Начиная с 2014 года в российско­китайских отношениях фиксируется новый этап, характеризующийся дальнейшим сближением. На фоне нарастания стратегической конкуренции в отношениях с США две страны расширили военное сотрудничество. Несмотря на то что глобальные интересы сторон близки или совпадают, многие региональные приорит еты различаются. Россия и Китай не заинтересованы в том, чтобы оказаться втянутыми в конфлик ты друг друга. Хотя происходит ухудшение отношений с Западом, он всё еще остаётся важным партнёром для обеих стран. Москва и Пекин балансируют Вашингтон преимущественно по отдельности. Потенциальное ограничение автономии внешнеполитических решений усиливает опасения по поводу издержек альянса. Возрастающая асимметрия комплексной мощи и экономических отношений при активной военной модернизации Народно­освободительной армии Китая и постепенном снижении зависимости Пекина от военно­технического сотрудничества с Россией показывает, что, даже если изначально потенциальный союз будет симметричным, в будущем диспаритет будет увеличиваться. В этих условиях возрастают риски превращения России в подчинённого игрока в долгосрочной перспективе. Современный формат стратегического партнёрства помогает странам реализовывать свои цели без необходимости нести издержки альянса. Лишь усугубление стратегической конфронтации между США и КНР, а также сохранение кон­фликта между Россией и Соединёнными Штатами могут привести к принципиальному переосмыслению формата отношений между Москвой и Пекином.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article seeks to explain why there is no formal military­political alliance between the two. The conclusion of one would be logical taking into consideration expanded cooperation including military dimension which puts both countries on the verge of an alliance as well as exacerbating tensions and strategic rivalry with the U.S. By employing International Relations theory, the author highlights the balance between benefits and costs which is not conducive to the creation of a formal bloc, a number of unit­level factors inhibiting it, coexisting convergent and divergent interests, asymmetry of both capabilities and dependency in bilateral relations. As a result of analyzing the key characteristics of strategic partnership, the article demonstrates that Russia­-China relations conform to the notion of alignment structured around the system­level goal of promoting multipolar or polycentric world order and a set of common principles. A new stage in Russia­China relations since 2014 is characterized by closer political, security and economic cooperation. Against the background of strategic competition with the U.S., Russia and China have intensified military cooperation encompassing strategic sphere as well. Whereas global interests of the two states are much alike, the regional ones frequently overlap or diverge. As a result, both states take no interest in entrapment in each other’s conflicts as despite the downgrade of relations with the West it remains an important partner for both Russia and China. It is instructive that Moscow and Beijing balance Washington mostly individually, and they are deemed quite capable by their leadership to conduct military action under most likely scenarios falling short of full­scale war. Adding to potential alliance costs is the reduction of foreign policy autonomy. Growing asymmetry of complex power and economic relations coupled with PLA’s modernization and gradual reduction of China’s dependency on Russia in military technologies and components predetermine the increasing likelihood that Russia­-China alliance would become more asymmetric in future, notwithstanding the fact that it would be fairly symmetric at first. It would it turn exacerbate the risks of Russia transforming into a subordinate player in the long­term perspective. Strategic partnership at present makes it possible for Russia and China to pursue their goals while not bearing the costs of an alliance. However, deepening strategic confrontation between the U.S. and China together with the persistent conflict in Russia-­US relations may draw Russia and China closer together.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>российско­китайские отношения</kwd><kwd>военно­политические союзы</kwd><kwd>альянсы</kwd><kwd>стратегическое партнёрство</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Запад</kwd><kwd>Евразия</kwd><kwd>Восточная Азия</kwd><kwd>инициатива «Пояса и пути»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>Russia­China relations</kwd><kwd>China­Russia relations</kwd><kwd>Sino­Russian relations</kwd><kwd>military alliances</kwd><kwd>alignment</kwd><kwd>strategic partnership</kwd><kwd>theory of international relations</kwd><kwd>the United States</kwd><kwd>West</kwd><kwd>Eurasia</kwd><kwd>East Asia</kwd><kwd>Eurasian Economic Union</kwd><kwd>Belt and Road Initiative</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 17-78-20170).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation (project No.17-78-20170)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воскресенский А.Д. 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