<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">DOI10.17994/IT.2019.17.1.56.5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-577</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ислам и политика в мусульманском обществе: опыт Индонезии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Islam and Politics in a Muslim Society: The Record of Indonesia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимова</surname><given-names>Лариса</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimova</surname><given-names>Larisa</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефимова Лариса Михайловна - доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры востоковедения МГИМО МИД России </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dr Larisa Efimova - Professor, Department of Oriental Studies, MGIMO University</p><p>Moscow 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">larisa_efimova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ефимова Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ефимова Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Efimova L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/577">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/577</self-uri><abstract><p>Одно из главных направлений исламского возрождения – поиск собственных форм политического развития, исламской государственной идентичности. Традиционная мусульманская правовая доктрина не предлагает однозначных решений по вопросам организации и функционирования власти, а задаёт лишь общие ориентиры, оставляющие возможность для поливариантности. В этой связи научный интерес вызывает вопрос о факторах, определяющих тот или иной вариант государственно-политической системы в конкретном мусульманском обществе, правовые формы взаимоотношений религии и политики, их сложное со-развитие в конкретном страновом и временнόм контексте. Настоящая статья посвящена изучению этих факторов, моделей государственно-политических систем, форм взаимодействия религии и власти, роли ислама в политике на примере Республики Индонезия. Потребность в анализе индонезийского опыта обусловлена тем, что в стране сложилась гибкая и весьма эффективная модель взаимоотношений ислама и государства. Изучение истории индонезийской государственности, эволюции в её рамках взаимоотношений ислама и политики приводит к выводу, что наиболее важную роль здесь играет переплетение ряда объективных и субъективных факторов: культурно-цивилизационной специфики, сложившейся на протяжении столетий и определяющей уровень исламизации религиозного сознания, что находит отражение в политической культуре; географический и религиозно-демографический факторы. Эволюция характера и степени влияния ислама на политику происходит также под влиянием конкретно-исторической обстановки в стране, изменения политических режимов, внутриполитического противоборства. Роль ислама в политике возрастает, когда закрываются другие каналы для выражения групповых интересов или социально-политического протеста, и снижается при отсутствии внутренней сплочённости исламской уммы, конкуренции между исламскими партиями, организациями и лидерами. Пример Индонезии интересен тем, что, апеллируя к самобытной цивилизационной специфике, страна противостоит стремлению исламистов-фундаменталистов навязать исламскому миру стандарты ближневосточной модели развития, так называемый «халифатистский проект», концепцию «исламского государства», игнорируя культурно-цивилизационные особенности неарабских мусульманских народов, многообразие культурно-исторического и политического развития мусульман.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At present the Islamic community – ummah is searching for a modern Islamic political identity. Traditional Muslim legal doctrine does not offer the only and definite form of the state, the political organization and functioning of government structures, but sets general guidelines where different options are possible. And there arises a theoretical question – what are factors that determine a particular version of the state-political system in a particular Muslim society, legal forms of interrelations between religion and politics, their complicated evolution in a specific country and time context. This article is aimed at finding out of the factors, which form models of state-political systems, interaction between religion and government, the role of Islam in politics on the example of the Republic of Indonesia, which has a very flexible and effective model of relations between Islam and the state. The study of the origin and development of Indonesian statehood, the evolution within its framework of relations between Islam and politics leads to the conclusion that the most important role here is played by the interweaving of a number of objective and subjective factors: cultural and civilizational specificity that has developed over the centuries and determines the level of Islamization of religious consciousness, which is reflected in the political culture; geographical and religious demographic factors. The evolution of the nature and extent of the influence of Islam on politics also depends of the influence of the specific historical situation in the country, changes in political regimes, and internal political confrontation. The role of Islam in politics grows when other channels are closed for the expression of group interests or social and political protest and decreases due to the absence of internal cohesion of the Islamic Ummah, competition between Islamic parties, organizations and leaders. The example of Indonesia is interesting because by appealing to distinctive civilizational specifics, the country opposes the efforts of Islamist fundamentalists to impose the standards of the Middle Eastern Arab-Islamic development model, the so-called “Caliphate project,” the concept of an “Islamic state,” ignoring the cultural and civilizational features of non-Arab Muslim peoples, the diversity of cultural, historical and political development of Muslims.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Индонезия</kwd><kwd>ислам</kwd><kwd>политика</kwd><kwd>мусульманское общество</kwd><kwd>религиозное сознание</kwd><kwd>исламские партии</kwd><kwd>умма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Indonesia</kwd><kwd>Islam</kwd><kwd>Ummah</kwd><kwd>politics</kwd><kwd>Islamic society</kwd><kwd>religious consciousness</kwd><kwd>Islamic parties</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Другов А.Ю. Индонезия: выборы 2014 г. // Восток. Афро-Азиатские общества: история и современность. 2015. № 2. С. 100–110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruinessen van M. (2018). Comparing the governance of Islam in Turkey and Indonesia. Diyanet and the Ministry of Religious Affairs. S. Rajaratnam school of international studies Singapore. 2018 Working paper No. 312. 19 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ефимова Л.М. Мусульманское образование в современной Индонезии // Ислам в современном мире. 2016. № 12(1). С. 221–236. DOI: 10.20536/2074-1529-2016-12-1-221-236</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drugov A.YU. (2015). Indoneziya: vybory 2014 g. [Indonesia: 2014 elections]. Vostok. Afro-Aziatskiye obshchestva: istoriya i sovremennost'. No. 2. P. 100–110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ефимова Л.М. Религиозные традиции в политической жизни современной Индонезии (1965– 1992 гг.). М.: МГИМО, 1992. 296 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ichwan Nur Moch. (2005). Ulama State and Politics: MUI after Suharto. Islamic Law and Society. Vol. 12. No. 1. P. 45–72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сюкияйнен Л.Р. Российская власть и ислам // Отечественные записки. 2003. № 5(14). URL: http:// www.strana-oz.ru/2003/5/rossiyskaya-vlast-i-islam</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ichwan Nur Moch. (2013). Towards a Puritanical Moderate Islam: The Majelis Ulama Indonesia and the Politics of Religious Orthodoxy. In Bruinessen van M. (ed.) Contemporary Developments in Indonesian Islam: Explaining the "Conservative Turn". Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. P. 60–104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruinessen van M. Comparing the governance of Islam in Turkey and Indonesia. Diyanet and the Ministry of Religious Affairs. S. Rajaratnam school of international studies Singapore. Working paper No. 312. 2018. 19 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kassim Yang Razali. (2018). Ma’ruf Amin: Jokowi’s Secret Weapon? RSIS Commentaries. URL: https:// www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/rsis/maruf-amin-jokowis-secret-weapon/#.W-aDklWg_IU (date of access 20.12.2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ichwan Nur Moch. Ulama State and Politics: MUI after Suharto // Islamic Law and Society. 2005. Vol. 12. No. 1. P. 45–72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma’ruf Amin KH. (2018). Emergence of Wasatiyyah Islam: Promoting ‘Middle Way’ Islam and SocioEconomic Equality in Indonesia. RSIS Commentaries. URL: https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/ rsis/emergence-of-wasatiyyah-islampromoting-middle-way-islam-and-socio-economic-equality-inindonesia/#.WaA9VWg_IU (date of access 20.12.2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ichwan Nur Moch. Towards a Puritanical Moderate Islam: The Majelis Ulama Indonesia and the Politics of Religious Orthodoxy // in van Martin (ed.) Contemporary Developments in Indonesian Islam: Explaining the “Conservative Turn” / ed. by M. van Bruinessen. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2013. P. 60–104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prajuli Wendy Andhika. (2017). Islamic ideas versus secularism. The core of political competition in Indonesia. International Institute for Asian Studies. The Newsletter 76. URL: https://iias.asia/thenewsletter/article/islamic-ideas-versus-secularism-core-political-competition-indonesia (date of access 20.11.2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kassim Yang Razali. Ma’ruf Amin: Jokowi’s Secret Weapon? RSIS Commentaries. 2018. URL: https:// www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/rsis/maruf-amin-jokowis-secret-weapon/#.W-aDklWg_IU (дата обращения: 20.12.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syukiyaynen L.R. (2003). Rossiyskaya vlast' i islam. [Russian power and Islam]. Otechestvennyye zapiski. № 5 (14). URL: http://www.strana-oz.ru/2003/5/rossiyskaya-vlast-i-islam</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma’ruf Amin KH. Emergence of Wasatiyyah Islam: Promoting ‘Middle Way’ Islam and Socio-Economic Equality in Indonesia. RSIS Commentaries. 2018. URL: https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/rsis/ emergence-of-wasatiyyah-islampromoting-middle-way-islam-and-socio-economic-equality-inindonesia/#.WaA9VWg_IU (дата обращения: 20.12.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yefimova L.M. (1992). Religioznyye traditsii v politicheskoy zhizni sovrepmennoy Indonezii (1965– 1992 gg.) [Religious Traditions in the Political Life of the Contemporary Indonesia (1965–1992)]. Moscow: MGIMO. 296 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prajuli Wendy Andhika. Islamic ideas versus secularism. The core of political competition in Indonesia. International Institute for Asian Studies. The Newsletter 76. 2017. URL: https://iias.asia/thenewsletter/article/islamic-ideas-versus-secularism-core-political-competition-indonesia (дата обращения: 20.11.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yefimova L.M. (2016). Musul'manskoye obrazovaniye v sovremennoy Indonezii. [Muslim education in modern Indonesia]. Islam v sovremennom mire. No. 12(1). P. 221–236. DOI: 10.20536/2074-15292016-12-1-221-236</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
