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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2018.16.4.55.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-584</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Помощь «хрупким государствам» сквозь призму риск-менеджмента: лабиринт объяснительных гипотез</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Aiding Fragile States through the Lens of Risk-Management: Labyrinth of Explanatory Hypotheses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бартенев</surname><given-names>Владимир</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bartenev</surname><given-names>Vladimir</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бартенев Владимир Игоревич - кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры международных организаций и мировых политических процессов факультета мировой политики МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, директор Центра проблем безопасности и развития ФМП МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Vladimir Bartenev - Associate Professor, Department of International Organizations and World Political Processes; Director, Center for Security and Development Studies, School of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University</p><p>Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vl_bartenev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бартенев В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бартенев В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bartenev V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/584">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/584</self-uri><abstract><p>Запуск процессов политической трансформации в регионе Ближнего Востока и Северной Африки в ходе «Арабского пробуждения» придал новый импульс разработке проблематики «хрупких государств», занявшей видное место в политическом и экспертно-аналитическом дискурсе в 2000-х годах. Особенно перспективным направлением научного поиска представляется рассмотрение взаимодействия с государствами, временно утратившими устойчивость, с позиций рискменеджмента. В категориях управления рисками в статье последовательно раскрыты ключевые дилеммы, с которыми сталкиваются внешние игроки при оказании содействия «хрупким государствам» и выборе параметров и механизмов вовлечения, таких как объемы помощи; продолжительность реализации программ и проектов; способ взаимодействия; финансовые инструменты; круг потенциальных поставщиков товаров и услуг; контрагент в стране-реципиенте; условия предоставления и приоритетные сектора. При описании дилемм сначала формулируются рабочие гипотезы, которые затем верифицируются с применением эмпирических данных. По результатам исследования сделан ряд выводов, определяющих потенциал, пределы и пути совершенствования методологии применения избранной аналитической призмы. Во-первых, показаны отсутствие вариантов, которые позволяли бы внешним игрокам одновременно минимизировать контекстуальные, программные и репутационные риски и максимизировать потенциальные политикостратегические и экономические дивиденды, а также готовность доноров игнорировать рискфакторы под влиянием эгоистических интересов. Во-вторых, продемонстрировано, что наличие контрпримеров для всех рабочих гипотез есть следствие гетерогенности как группы «хрупких государств», отличающихся друг от друга в том, что касается детерминант, проявлений и последствий «хрупкости», так и сообщества доноров, которые, исходя из специфики своих долгосрочных национальных интересов, системы управления помощью и изменений внутриполитической и экономической конъюнктуры, зачастую по-разному оценивают риски взаимодействия с одними и теми же странами-партнёрами. В-третьих, показано, что для более успешного прохождения логического лабиринта и адекватного отображения современных реалий требуется соблюдение, по меньшей мере, трёх условий: 1) учёт усиления позиций нетрадиционных доноров и их влияния на стратегические расчёты стран Запада; 2) сбор максимально подробных данных о деятельности нетрадиционных доноров в «хрупких государствах», в том числе объёмах и структуре предоставляемой ими военной помощи и помощи в области безопасности, не учитываемых в статистике Комитета содействия развитию ОЭСР; 3) изучение представлений стран-реципиентов о рисках, связанных с получением помощи извне.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Political upheaval in the Middle East and North Africa caused by the Arab Awakening provided a new impetus to studying ‘fragile states’ problematique which came to the forefront in political and expert discourse in the last decade. Examining international engagement in fragile states and situations through the lens of risk-management seems to be especially relevant. This paper unveils key dilemmas faced by external actors in aiding fragile states and choosing the following parameters of engagement: aid volumes, duration of engagement, aid channels, financial instruments, procurement modalities, implementing partner in recipient country, conditionality and priority sectors. Each of correspondent eight sections starts with positing hypotheses about donors’ choices and proceeds with their verification based on empirical data. The paper concludes with observations on potential and limitations of a selected analytical lens and on ways how to improve its utility. First, no option seems to allow external actors to simultaneously mitigate contextual, programmatic and reputational risks and maximize political and economic dividends, and donors tend to prioritize egoistic interests over mitigation of any other risk factors. Second, multiple counterexamples to each hypothesis derive from heterogeneity of both ‘fragile states’, which vary dramatically in terms of determinants, manifestations and consequences of their fragility, and community of donors, which often assess risks of engaging with the same partner countries differently given their specific long-term national interests, aid management systems, imperatives of reacting to shifts in domestic political and economic environment or other factors. Third, to better navigate a logical labyrinth and reconstruct an objective picture of interactions of these two groups one should meet at least three conditions: 1) taking into account the emergence of non-Western donors and its impact on the established donors’ strategic considerations; 2) collecting detailed data on emerging donors’ engagement with fragile states as well as on volumes and composition of military and non-ODA security assistance provided to fragile states; 3) studying the partner countries’ perceptions of risks related to receiving external assistance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хрупкие государства</kwd><kwd>государственная состоятельность</kwd><kwd>внешняя помощь</kwd><kwd>традиционные доноры</kwd><kwd>нетрадиционные доноры</kwd><kwd>содействие развитию</kwd><kwd>управление рисками</kwd><kwd>контекстуальные риски</kwd><kwd>программные риски</kwd><kwd>институциональные риски</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fragile states</kwd><kwd>stateness</kwd><kwd>foreign aid</kwd><kwd>donor countries</kwd><kwd>development cooperation</kwd><kwd>risk management</kwd><kwd>contextual risks</kwd><kwd>programmatic risks</kwd><kwd>institutional risks</kwd><kwd>Middle East and North Africa</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование подготовлено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта №17-37-01018-ОГН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research according to the research project 17-37-01018-OGN.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бартенев В.И. 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