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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2018.16.4.55.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-585</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стратегии союзничества континентальных и морских держав</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Strategies of Alliances of Continental and Sea Powers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Истомин</surname><given-names>Игорь</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Istomin</surname><given-names>Igor</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Истомин Игорь Александрович - доцент кафедры прикладного анализа международных проблем; старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории анализа международных процессов МГИМО МИД России</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Igor Istomin - Associate Professor, Department of Applied International Political Analysis, MGIMO University</p><p>Moscow 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iaistomin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силаев</surname><given-names>Николай</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silaev</surname><given-names>Nikolay</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Силаев Николай Юрьевич - кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник Центра проблем Кавказа и региональной безопасности; старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории анализа международных процессов МГИМО МИД России</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Nikolay Silaev - Senior Research Fellow, Center for Caucasus Studies and Regional Security; Senior Research Fellow, Laboratory for Analysis of International Processes, MGIMO University</p><p>Moscow 119454</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сушенцов</surname><given-names>Андрей</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sushentsov</surname><given-names>Andrey</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сушенцов Андрей Андреевич - кандидат политических наук, директор Института международных исследований; директор Лаборатории анализа международных процессов; доцент кафедры прикладного анализа международных проблем МГИМО МИД России</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Andrey Sushentsov - Director, Institute of International Studies; Director, Laboratory for Analysis of International Processes; Associate Professor, Department of Applied International Political Analysis, MGIMO University</p><p>Moscow 119454</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Истомин И., Силаев Н., Сушенцов А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Истомин И., Силаев Н., Сушенцов А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Istomin I., Silaev N., Sushentsov A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/585">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/585</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье предпринимается попытка определить особенности политики выстраивания альянсов континентальных и морских держав, обусловленные особенностями их географического положения. В первую очередь, рассматриваются имеющиеся в научной литературе подходы к объяснению влияния пространственных характеристик крупных государств на участие в союзах. Далее, предлагается оригинальная теоретическая концепция разграничения типов мотивации континентальных и морских держав и, соответственно, их логики выбора союзников. Представление концепции сопровождается историческими примерами из практики международной системы с XVI столетия по начало XXI века, обосновывающими корректность её дедуктивных построений. В завершение разработанная исследовательская рамка применяется к анализу опыта выстраивания Россией сети её международных обязательств. Он показывает, что континентальное положение выступает значимым, хотя и не единственным параметром, объясняющим логику российской стратегии и политику её союзов. Географическое положение морских держав зачастую побуждает их к различным формам международной изоляции. Вместе с тем по мере повышения зависимости от зарубежных рынков сбыта, источников капитала и ресурсов, а также возрастания рисков аккумулирования значительных ресурсов их потенциальными противниками морские державы начинают прибегать к международным союзам как инструментам проецирования силы в удалённые регионы. Со своей стороны, континентальные державы предпочитают альянсы со своими непосредственными соседями в качестве средства сокращения количества обороноуязвимых направлений и создания стратегических буферов. Для них попытки выстраивания отношений с удалёнными партнёрами связаны со значительными рисками, так как они, как правило, не обладают достаточными компетенциями в сфере контроля над морскими коммуникациями. Вместе с тем создание военно-политических коалиций сухопутных стран с удалёнными морскими против доминантных морских держав бывает стратегически целесообразно, когда позволяет перенести центр противостояния дальше от границ континентальной державы. Проведённый анализ подтверждает, что Россия в своих подходах к развитию альянсов действует как классическая континентальная держава.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article attempts to determine the specifics of alliance formation of continental and maritime powers, due to the peculiarities of their geographical location. First, we consider existing literature to explain influence of spatial characteristics on large states’ participation in alliances. Further, we propose original typology of continental and maritime powers strategic motivations and their approaches to choosing allies. The presentation of the concept is accompanied by historical examples from the practice of the international system from the 16th century to the beginning of the 21st century, which justify the correctness of its deductive logic. In conclusion, we apply developed research framework to the analysis of Russian international obligations. It shows that the continental geographical position is significant, but not the only parameter that explains the logic of the Russian strategy and its alliance politics. The geographical position of maritime powers often leads them to various forms of international isolation. At the same time, as dependence on foreign markets, sources of capital and resources increases, as well as risks of accumulating significant resources in the hands of potential adversaries rises, the maritime powers begin to resort to international alliances as tools for projecting power to remote regions. For their part, the continental powers prefer alliances with their immediate neighbors as a mean of reducing the number of defensive lines and creating strategic buffers. For them, attempts to build relationships with remote partners are associated with significant risks, as they, as a rule, do not have sufficient competence in the sphere of control over sea communications. At the same time, creation of military-political coalitions of continental countries with remotely located sea powers aimed against dominant sea powers is strategically expedient, since it allows to shift the center of confrontation further from the boundaries of the continental power. Technological development in armaments and military equipment allows continental powers to project force for considerable distances with less resources.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>военные союзы</kwd><kwd>континентальные державы</kwd><kwd>морские державы</kwd><kwd>общие пространства</kwd><kwd>проецирование силы</kwd><kwd>обороноопасные направления</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика России</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>military alliances</kwd><kwd>continental powers</kwd><kwd>sea powers</kwd><kwd>common spaces</kwd><kwd>projection of power</kwd><kwd>threatened directions</kwd><kwd>Russian foreign policy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект №17-78-20170).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-78-20170).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильченко А.В. 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