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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2018.16.4.55.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-588</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль BAT в развитии китайских интернет-рынков и перспективные вызовы цифровой экономики КНР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>BAT Role in the Development of Chinese Internet Markets and the Future Challenges for the PRC Digital Economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилин</surname><given-names>Иван</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilin</surname><given-names>Ivan</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данилин Иван Владимирович - кандидат политических наук, заведующий Отделом науки и инноваций Национального исследовательского института мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Ivan Danilin - Head, Department of Science and Innovations, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danilin.iv@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov’s Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy  of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Данилин И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Данилин И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Danilin I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/588">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/588</self-uri><abstract><p>Формирование цифровой экономики видится КНР одним из ключевых ответов на вызовы развития. Значимую роль в этом процессе играет формирование интернет-экономики, лидерами которой выступают представители так называемой группы BAT (Baidu, Alibaba и Tencent). Они доминируют в своих сегментах и поэтапно завоёвывают новые технологические и географические рынки, их деятельность влияет на цифровизацию отдельных рынков. Из-за роста конкуренции, глобальной экспансии, исчерпания резервов имитационного развития эти корпорации постепенно превращаются в технологические компании, инвестируя огромные средства в стартапы, а также исследования и разработки по наиболее перспективным направлениям. За счёт масштаба операций, накопленных компетенций и ведущей роли в формировании венчурного капитала КНР (около 40% всех венчурных инвестиций в стране) они стали ключевыми игроками, структурирующими научно-технологическую и инновационную активность в сфере интернет- и, шире, цифровой экономики Китая. Не последнюю роль в их становлении играет политика правительства. На первых порах регуляторы отдавали предпочтение государственным компаниям, однако неуспех последних привёл к выбору BAT как агентов развития новых отраслей. Отдельным вопросом встаёт эффективность проводимой политики. Изначально как раз отсутствие систематического регулирования и правительственного вмешательства дало BAT возможность выработать оптимальные решения и практики, обеспечив рост новых компаний. С 2010-х годов государственная политика помогла участникам BAT стать монополистами, начать активную международную экспансию и технологические программы, но и создала целый ряд проблем. На перспективу потенциал этих корпораций и их роль в развитии интернет-экономики сохранится, но налицо и возникающие вызовы. Во-первых, это несбалансированность модели инновационно-технологического развития, основанного на доминировании трёх сверхкрупных игроков, и связанные с ней риски монополизма. Во-вторых, негативные последствия для BAT от общих политических установок КНР в отношении Интернета и применения ряда архаичных инструментов промышленной политики. В-третьих, необходимость оптимизации огромных экосистем и гипер активных, почти ажиотажных технологических усилий BAT. Ответы на вызовы развития связаны как с изменением собственных стратегий компаний, так и с эволюцией государственной поли тики в отношении агентов развития: переход к поддержке горизонтальных связей в экосистемах и новых альтернативных точек роста, акцент на качественных показателях развития. Хотя серьёзное ослабление BAT крайне маловероятно, даже небольшие флуктуации будут иметь большое значение для роли и позиций китайских корпораций на мировых рынках, а также (учитывая их масштаб) для динамики развития интернет-рынков Китая. От них во многом зависит будущее китайской инновационной системы и цифровая трансформация экономики КНР.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Digital economy – with Internet economy as an important part of it – is among key PRC responses to new developmental challenges. Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent (BAT) as unchallenged leaders of the Internet markets, play here an important role. Due to increased competition, global expansion, and declining efficiency of imitational innovations, BAT are turning into technology companies, investing huge resources in startups (BAT are biggest investors on PRC venture capital markets) and research and development in the most promising areas. As a result, BAT are now key actors and drivers of the Internet and digital economy in the PRC. Moreover, through the spillover effects and implications for inclusive growth, BAT stimulates changes in other industries and regional markets. Government policy played an important role in these processes, although, it was not always effective. At first, regulators preferred stateowned enterprises, but their failures led government to refocus its efforts, choosing BAT as agents for the development of new markets. However, the period of a very moderate government interventions in BAT`s efforts gave BAT needed freedom to develop optimal market solutions and ensure growth. Since 2010s, state policy supported market monopolization by BAT, their international expansion and innovation efforts. For the future, BAT will still play a major role in the development of the Chinese Internet economy. However, challenges are also growing. Innovation development of the PRC Internet markets are imbalanced due to the policy-driven dominance of BAT, with possibly negative consequences of monopolization. High risks are also associated with archaic industrial policy instruments used for supporting BAT. There is also a clear need to optimize BAT`s enormous ecosystems and rationalize hyperactive technological efforts. Changes in BAT strategies are needed – as well as the evolution of governmental approaches towards the agents for development (rising support of competition, new actors, horizontal links in the ecosystems, emphasis on qualitative changes, etc.). Serious weakening of BAT is extremely unlikely, but even small fluctuations will be of great importance for their positions on global markets, development of China’s Internet industries. In many respects, they will define Chinese innovation system and the digital transformation of the PRC economy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>цифровая экономика</kwd><kwd>интернет-рынки</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd><kwd>экосистемы инноваций</kwd><kwd>Baidu</kwd><kwd>Alibaba</kwd><kwd>Tencent (BAT)</kwd><kwd>политика в цифровой сфере</kwd><kwd>промышленная политика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>Digital Economy</kwd><kwd>Internet Markets</kwd><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>innovation ecosystems</kwd><kwd>Baidu</kwd><kwd>Alibaba</kwd><kwd>Tencent (BAT)</kwd><kwd>Digital Policy</kwd><kwd>Industrial Policy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект №18-010-01176 «Агенты развития цифровой экономики: формирование, сетевые взаимодействия и государственная политика по их поддержке».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 18-010-01176 "Agents of digital economy development: formation, networking and government policy to support them."</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилин И.В. 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