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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2018.16.3.54.9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-621</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХОЛОДНО – О ГОРЯЧЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEBATING AN ISSUE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Политика кибербезопасности США: эволюция восприятия угроз</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>United States Cybersecurity Policy: The Evolution of Threat Perceptions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стадник</surname><given-names>Илона</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stadnik</surname><given-names>Ilona</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стадник Илона Тарасовна – аспирант кафедры североамериканских исследований факультета международных отношений Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ms Ilona Stadnik - Doctoral Candidate, Department of North American Studies,School of International Relations, Saint Petersburg State University</p><p>Saint Petersburg 191060</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilona.st94@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветкова</surname><given-names>Наталья</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkova</surname><given-names>Natalia</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цветкова Наталья Александровна – доктор политических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой североамериканских исследований факультета международных отношений Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dr Natalia Tsvetkova - Chair, Department of North American Studies, School of International Relations, Saint Petersburg State University</p><p>Saint Petersburg 191060</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>157</fpage><lpage>169</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стадник И., Цветкова Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стадник И., Цветкова Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stadnik I., Tsvetkova N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/621">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/621</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная статья посвящена американской политике в области кибербезопасности с 1990-х годов по настоящее время. Статья опирается на конструктивистскую теорию международных отношений и берёт за основу дискурс-анализ киберугроз, отражённых в официальных документах и стратегиях США. Конструирование и артикуляция угроз рассматривается в данном случае в качестве определяющего фактора для дальнейшего формулирования политики в области кибербезопасности. Изменение дискурса позволяет проанализировать эволюцию американского подхода к кибербезопасности – акценты менялись вместе с администрациями президентов, однако фокусирование на инфраструктурно-сетевой составляющей безопасности оставалось неизменным. Однако по мере развития и распространения технологий киберугрозы получили сначала социальное, а затем и политическое измерение. В середине 2000-х годов добавилось международное измерение политики обеспечения кибербезопасности, так как пришло осознание того, что киберпространство глобально, а для безопасного и экономически выгодного использования Интернета необходимо выстроить международную систему кибербезопасности. Дискурс киберугроз в американских документах также претерпел изменения. Расширилась и была детализирована их типология, возросло многообразие потенциально опасных субъектов, на межгосударственном уровне стали открыто называться возможные противники. Статья состоит из трёх разделов. В первом разделе проанализированы подходы США к кибербезопасности в конце 1990-х – начале 2000-х годов, когда защита внутренних компьютерных систем и односторонний характер политики в киберпространстве доминировали в представлениях политического истеблишмента США. Следующий раздел посвящён периоду администрации Б. Обамы, когда на повестку дня выходит международное взаимодействие, а политика в области кибербезопасности начинает осуществляться на принципах мультистейкхолдеризма – участия всех заинтересованных сторон, включая бизнес, для создания безопасного киберпространства. Последние два раздела рассматривают произошедший после президентских выборов 2016 г. парадигмальный сдвиг в американском видении кибербезопасности в сторону информационной безопасности – подходу, активно отстаиваемому на международном уровне Россией. Скандал с использованием персональных данных американских пользователей Facebook для таргетирования предвыборной рекламы и пропаганды может стать триггером для закрепления информационного фокуса кибербезопасности в обновлённой американской политике в этой сфере.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the American policy in the field of cybersecurity since the 1990s to the present. The article is based on the constructivist theory of international relations and takes as a basis the discourse analysis of cyber threats reflected in U.S. official documents and strategies. The construction and articulation of cyber threats are, in this case, the founding factors for the further formulation of cybersecurity policy. Changes in the discourse of cyber threats allow us to analyze the evolution of the American approach to cybersecurity, notably the weights in the documents followed the changes of the presidential administrations, but the main focus on the infrastructure and network security remained stable. However, with the development and dissemination of technologies cyberthreats had received social and then political dimension. In the mid-2000s appeared the international dimension of cybersecurity policy; it became clear that cyberspace is global, and for the safe and cost-effective use of the Internet it is necessary to build an international cybersecurity system. The discourse of cyber threats in American documents has undergone some changes. Their typology was expanded and detailed, the variety of potentially dangerous actors has increased, and possible rivals have become openly called at the interstate level. The article consists of three sections. The first analyzes the U.S. approaches to cybersecurity in the late 1990s-early 2000s, when the protection of internal computer systems and the unilateral nature of the policy in cyberspace dominated the views of the American political establishment. The next section is devoted to the period of the B. Obama administration, when international cooperation was put on the agenda, and cybersecurity policy started being implemented on the principles of multistakeholderism – the participation of all stakeholders, including business, to create a secure cyberspace. The last two sections consider the paradigm shift in the American vision of cybersecurity towards information security, an approach actively advocated at the international level by Russia, that took place after the 2016 U.S. presidential elections. The scandal with the use of personal data of American users of Facebook for targeting election advertising and propaganda can become a trigger for consolidating the information focus of cybersecurity in the updated American policy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кибербезопасность</kwd><kwd>информационная  безопасность</kwd><kwd>ИКТ</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>суверенитет</kwd><kwd>управление Интернетом</kwd><kwd>глобальное управление</kwd><kwd>президентские выборы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cybersecurity</kwd><kwd>information  security</kwd><kwd>ICT</kwd><kwd>United  States</kwd><kwd>sovereignty</kwd><kwd>Internet  governance</kwd><kwd>global governance</kwd><kwd>presidential elections</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демидов О. ЦРУ везде и всюду. 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