intertrendsМеждународные процессыInternational Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy1728-27561811-2773AEFIR10.17994/IT.2018.16.2.53.8intertrends-634Research ArticleФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮCATCHING A TREND«Мягкая сила» диаспоры: опыт американцев польского и ирландского происхожденияDiasporas’ Soft Power: The Record of American Poles and IrishЛошкарёвИванLoshkariovIvan

Лошкарёв Иван Дмитриевич - преподаватель Кафедры политической теории МГИМО МИД России

Mr Ivan Loshkariov - Lecturer, Department of Political Theory, MGIMO University

Moscow 119454

kixlo@rambler.ruМГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияMGIMO UniversityRussian Federation201824062025162141–155Copyright © Лошкарёв И., 20252025Лошкарёв И.Loshkariov I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/634

В статье рассматривается концепция «мягкой силы» Дж. Ная в приложении к такому типу негосударственных субъектов, как диаспоры. В трудах самого Ная содержались теоретические предпосылки для проведения такого анализа. Исследователь концептуализировал основные особенности «мягкой силы» на контрасте с прямым принуждением, основанным на военных и экономических ресурсах. Существуют ограничения и стимулы для проецирования диаспорами «мягкой силы». Замкнутость таких сообществ сокращает возможности использования внешней конъюнктуры. Напротив, отсутствие глобального регулирования проблем миграции и недостаточная гибкость государств предоставляют диаспорам определённые преимущества. Основные направления осуществления «мягкого могущества» – воздействие на повестку дня и формирование желаемого дискурса. К формам непрямого влияния диаспор, действующим через каналы дискурса, следует отнести использование доминирующих в обществе идеологии в конкретных целях, акцентирование отдельных особенностей сообщества и создание позитивных стереотипов у общества страны-реципиента. К формам воздействия на повестку дня можно причислить участие в выработке общих принципов, предоставление информации и мониторинг ситуации. Указанные формы непрямого воздействия могут увеличить влияние диаспор, хотя всё зависит не только от процессов внутри сообществ, но и от действий других участников мировой политики.

The article discusses the concept of "soft power" coined by J. Nye and its applicability to such a type of non-state actors as diaspora. Nye’s writings provide with theoretical background for this approach to an analysis. The author describes the basic differences between "soft power" and the direct coercion which is based on military and economic resources. This leads to the generalized understanding of the features that social groups have in this dimension and the specifics diasporas have in terms of the issue. Taking into account differences between resources that can be used to project "soft power", it should be noted that the products of such activities can differ remarkably. There are some restrictions and incentives for diasporas to project "soft power". These communities can fail to benefit from the external environment because of their inner insularity. On the contrary, the absence of global regulation of migration issues and the lack of flexibility of states may facilitate diasporas’ activities. There is no doubt that the balance of advantages and limitations varies from type to type of actors. Main directions of the "soft power" formation include the setting the agenda and the formation of a certain discourse. The indirect influence of diasporas in terms of a discourse embraces the use of the dominant ideology in society for a specific purpose, emphasizing certain features of the community and the formation of positive stereotypes in a hostland society. The agenda-setting power consists of participating in the development of common principles, providing information and monitoring of the situation. These forms of indirect influence may increase the impact of diasporas, although it depends not only on the internal processes within communities, but also on the actions taken by other actors in world politics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.