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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2018.16.1.52.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-646</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Какая Америка нужна миру?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>What Kind of America Does the World Need?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаклеина</surname><given-names>Татьяна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakleina</surname><given-names>Tatyana</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаклеина Татьяна Алексеевна - доктор политических наук, профессор, заведующая Кафедрой прикладного анализа международных проблем МГИМО МИД России</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dr Tatyana Shakleina - Chair, Department of Applied Analysis of International Issues, MGIMO University</p><p>Moscow 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shakleina-tania@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>40–52</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаклеина Т., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаклеина Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shakleina T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/646">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/646</self-uri><abstract><p>Мегатренд мирового развития – формирование нового мирового порядка – сохраняется, выявляются противоречия в действиях отдельных игроков, просматриваются разные сценарии оформления его институциональных основ, структурных изменений. Важнейшей проблемой остаётся структуризация отношений между ведущими мировыми державами – прежде всего между Соединёнными Штатами, Россией и Китаем. Рост порядкоформирующей активности со стороны последних двух игроков, сближение их усилий в строительстве основ мирового порядка, неприятие ими так называемого либерального мирового порядка на основе западных ценностей и институтов, несогласие с действиями США вызывают ответную реакцию Америки. Она находит отражение как во внешнеполитической стратегии, так и в дебатах относительно того, что следует делать: сдерживать Россию и Китай и активно противостоять им или идти на достижение консенсуса с ними по основным вопросам развития мировой экономики, обеспечению международной, региональной и национальной безопасности, решению других глобальных проблем.</p><p>В американском политическом и академическом сообществах наблюдается раскол по этой проблеме, так как наиболее активная часть политического мейнстрима выступает за продолжение политики гегемонии, за силовую стратегию, сохранение безальтернативного доминирования США. Критики внешнеполитической стратегии есть, существуют сомнения в правильности избранного пути, однако это пока не оказывает заметного влияния на структуры, где принимаются основные внешнеполитические решения. Размежевание по вопросам международной деятельности США отразилось на ходе и исходе президентских выборов 2016 года, хотя решающее значение всё­таки имели внутриполитические проблемы. Выборы и их итоги обнаружили серьёзные противоречия в политической системе и в настроениях американского общества. Как удастся решить эти проблемы, пока неясно, но для нас главным остаётся вопрос о том, какую политику будут проводить Соединённые Штаты в отношении ведущих держав, какой подход победит в решении вопроса об основах формирующегося порядка. В этой связи необходимо отслеживать эволюцию дискуссий по проблеме мирового порядка, вырабатывать и представлять свои концепции и предложения для нейтрализации негативных трендов и для привлечения на свою сторону других игроков, которые не принимают безоговорочно политику США.</p><p>В статье автор продолжает анализ дискуссий по актуальным проблемам формирования современного порядка с учётом новых публикаций и дебатов по этому вопросу в американском экспертном сообществе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One the global megatrends in the 21st century is the formation of a contemporary world order. The process has started after 1989 and is going on since. It is relying on efforts of various players including, first of all, leading world powers which are pursuing different often contradicting interests and institutional plans. One of the most acute problems is structural: reaching consensus between great powers especially between the Unites States, China and Russia. Growth of Russia’s and China’s activity, certain degree of cooperation in their efforts to influence world order, their rejection of the liberal project built upon Western values and institutions promoted by the United States cannot be left without answer from Washington. America is not going to retreat or retrench, is not pleased with the coming criticism and with the activities of Russia and China. American political establishment tries to neutralize efforts thwarting its plans and interests. The dilemma is whether America needs to come to any kind of compromise with Russia and China on the issues of international security, trade, global problems; or pursue policy of deterring these countries. There is no full consensus on the issues of world order and American global strategy in the political and expert communities. Most active representatives of decision makers in Washington support continuation of decisive even aggressive policy in the world and towards Russia and China. There are opponents to such strategy, but they do not constitute the majority and hardly have influence. Disagreements on foreign policy issues among policy makers were visible during presidential elections in 2016 though most important were still domestic political issues. Outcome of elections and first years of the Trump administration do not give us clear answers about further development of the political situation, about U.S. foreign policy behavior, and about reaction of the American public. It is very important to monitor political moods and preferences in Washington, to analyze debates on the most acute problems of international relations and world order formation. It is necessary to react to American actions and ideas, to suggest our own comments and vision of the future, to promote our alternative views and conceptions to other international players in order to neutralize negative consequences of American actions. In the article the author continues analyzing debates on the most acute issues of world order formation, American and Russian approaches to them using recent publications and discussions with the leading American specialists on this topic.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>мировой порядок</kwd><kwd>гегемония</kwd><kwd>империя</kwd><kwd>глобальная стратегия</kwd><kwd>ведущие мировые державы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>United States</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>great powers</kwd><kwd>world order</kwd><kwd>hegemony</kwd><kwd>global strategy</kwd><kwd>empire</kwd><kwd>leading world powers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баталов Э.Я. Америка: страсти по империи // Свободная мысль-ХХI. 2003. № 12. С. 9–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abshire D.M. 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