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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2018.16.1.52.8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-649</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стратегии средних стран в отношении великих держав: опыт Малайзии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Strategies of Middle-Sized Countries Vis-a-Vis Great Powers: Cases from South-East Asia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королёв</surname><given-names>Александр</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>Alexander</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Королёв Александр Сергеевич - младший научный сотрудник Центра комплексных европейских и международных исследований Научно-исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mr Alexander Korolev - Junior Research Fellow, Centre for Comprehensive European and International Studies, National Research University – Higher School of Economics</p><p>Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">askorolev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University – Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Королёв А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Королёв А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korolev A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/649">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/649</self-uri><abstract><p>Анализ внешнеполитических стратегий средних и великих держав традиционно считается одной из  ключевых  проблем  исследования  международных  отношений.  Период  после  окончания «холодной войны» характеризуется формированием новой политико-экономической архитектуры, возникновением новых центров силы, стремлением незападных игроков бросить вызов американскому доминированию, сформировав независимый полюс роста, исключающий гегемонизм, асимметричную зависимость, санкции и любые другие формы экономической войны в качестве внешнеполитических инструментов. Нелинейность этих процессов в ещё большей степени актуализирует проблему изучения внешнеполитических стратегий в качестве ответа на глобальные вызовы современного мироустройства. В настоящей статье анализируются особенности внешнеполитического курса средних стран в отношении великих держав (США и Китая) на примере государств Юго-Восточной Азии, и в первую очередь Малайзии. С этой целью в работе выявляются особенности и ограничения концептуализаций базовых внешнеполитических стратегий, предлагаемых теоретическими школами структурного и неоклассического реализма, – балансирования, примыкания и хеджирования. Используя кейс Малайзии в качестве основы, автор выделяет основные факторы, влияющие на выработку внешнеполитического курса средних стран в отношении великих держав с точки зрения обеспечения национальной безопасности и максимизации экономической выгоды. В статье утверждается, что экономический прагматизм, мощная институциональная база двустороннего сотрудничества, а также стремление правящей элиты Малайзии укрепить свои позиции приводят к отказу Куала-Лумпура от политики балансирования против Пекина, несмотря на наличие территориального спора с Китаем, роста китайских амбиций, а также тесного военно-политического сотрудничества между Малайзией и США. Таким образом, данная статья оспаривает неореалистский подход Стивена Уолта, показывая, что географическая близость более слабого государства с крупной державой, обладающей значительными совокупными возможностями, может скорее стать ценным активом, чем источником угрозы. Наконец, в работе делается попытка построения новой типологии внешнеполитических стратегий, опираясь на инструментарий неоклассического реализма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Analysis of foreign policies of middle and great powers has traditionally been considered one of the key problems of International Relations. The period after the end of the Cold War is characterized by the formation of a new political and economic architecture, the emergence of new centers of power, the aspiration of non-Western players to challenge American domination by forming an independent growth pole that excludes hegemonism, asymmetric dependence, sanctions and any other forms of "economic war" as foreign policy tools. The non-linearity and randomness of these processes makes the problem of studying foreign policy strategies as a response to the global challenges of the modern world order relevant to an even greater degree. The current article analyzes the peculiarities of the foreign policy strategies of middle powers towards the great powers (the U.S. and China) using examples of South East Asian nations and Malaysia in particular. It reveals the conceptual features and theoretical  limitations  of  the  main strategic patterns identified by structural and neoclassical realism – balancing, bandwagoning  and hedging. Using the case of Malaysia as a basis, the paper highlights the main factors that influence the elaboration of foreign policy towards the great powers by middle power in terms of ensuring national security and maximizing economic benefits. The article argues that economic pragmatism, a strong institutional framework for bilateral cooperation, and the desire of the Malaysian ruling elite to strengthen its positions lead to Kuala Lumpur's rejection of the balancing policy against Beijing, despite the existence of a territorial dispute with China, the growth of Chinese ambitions and close military-political cooperation between Malaysia and the U.S. Therefore, this article challenges Stephen Walt's neorealist approach, showing that the geographical proximity of a weaker state  with  a  powerhouse  may  rather become a valuable asset than a source of threat. Finally, the article attempts to construct a new typology of foreign policy strategies of middle powers, building upon the tools introduced by Neoclassical Realism.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>средние страны</kwd><kwd>великие державы</kwd><kwd>Малайзия</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>балансирование</kwd><kwd>примыкание</kwd><kwd>хеджирование</kwd><kwd>опережающее экономическое вовлечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>middle powers</kwd><kwd>great powers</kwd><kwd>Malaysia</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>balancing</kwd><kwd>bandwagoning</kwd><kwd>hedging</kwd><kwd>regionalism</kwd><kwd>advanced economic engagement</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 17-18-01577 «Формирование Сообщества Большой Евразии и стратегии двустороннего взаимодействия России со странами региона».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 17-18-01577 "Formation of a Greater Eurasian Community and strategies for bilateral cooperation between Russia and the countries of the region."</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бектимирова Н.Н. 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