<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2017.15.2.49.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-696</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Российско-японские отношения через призму теории</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian-Japanese Rapprochement through the Lenses of IR Theory</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрельцов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Streltsov</surname><given-names>Dmitry</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стрельцов Дмитрий Викторович - доктор исторических наук, профессор, заведующий Кафедрой востоковедения МГИМО МИД России</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dr Dmitry Streltsov - Chair, Department of Oriental Studies, MGIMO University</p><p>Moscow 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmstrl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукин</surname><given-names>Артём</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukin</surname><given-names>Artem</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукин Артём Леонидович - кандидат политических наук, доцент Кафедры международных отношений Дальневосточного федерального университета</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Artem Lukin - Associate Professor, Department of International Relations; Deputy Director for Research, School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University</p><p>Vladivostok 690090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дальневосточный федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стрельцов Д., Лукин А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стрельцов Д., Лукин А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Streltsov D., Lukin A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/696">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/696</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена осмыслению движущих сил эволюции политических отношений России и Японии в середине 2010-х годов. Взаимодействие в рамках этой диады представляет собой сложный и многомерный феномен, в котором переплетены вопросы геополитики, исторической памяти, взаимного восприятия, внутриполитических процессов и личностных факторов. В этой связи его анализ не может быть полным и адекватным, если строить его только на основе какого-то одного теоретического подхода. Для понимания современных российско-японских отношений целесообразно обращение к положениям неоклассического реализма и конструктивизма, а также использование теории двухуровневых игр Роберта Патнэма.</p><p>Авторы приходят к выводу, что с точки зрения неоклассического реализма для отношений России и Японии наступил благоприятный момент. Изменение соотношения сил в АзиатскоТихоокеанском регионе, выражающееся в относительном ослаблении позиций США при заметном усилении Китая, делает для Токио одновременно и возможным и необходимым улучшение отношений с Москвой. Добрососедские отношения с ней позволят Японии чувствовать себя увереннее во всё более неопределённой геополитической среде. Конструктивистский анализ рисует гораздо менее оптимистичную картину. За более чем двухсотлетнюю историю межгосударственного взаимодействия между Россией и Японией накопилось слишком много негативного. Для того чтобы преодолеть барьеры взаимного недоверия и враждебности, одних геополитических стимулов недостаточно. Необходимы волевые шаги навстречу друг другу, причём не только символические, но и субстантивные, прежде всего значительное повышение уровня экономических и социально-гуманитарных контактов. Модель двухуровневых игр применительно к переговорам по территориальной проблеме показывает, что Россия и Япония находятся примерно в равном положении, так как руководители обеих стран – сильные и популярные лидеры, способные обеспечить прохождение внутри своих стран соглашения, которое потребовало бы существенных уступок. В целом перспективы российско-японских отношений можно оценить с осторожным оптимизмом. Для них сейчас приоткрылось окно возможностей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the reasons behind the Russian-Japanese rapprochement in the mid-2010s. The Russia-Japan dyad is a complex and multi-dimensional phenomenon in which geopolitics, historical memory, mutual perceptions, domestic politics and personality factors are intertwined. Therefore, analysis of Russian-Japanese relations cannot be fulfilled on the basis of a single theoretical approach. To grasp it the authors rely on combination of neoclassical realism and constructivism, augmented by the application of Robert Putnam’s two-level games model.</p><p>The article comes to the conclusion that, from the perspective of neoclassical realism, Russia-Japan relations have entered a propitious period. The changing balance of power in the Asia-Pacific, with the United States’ positions relatively weakening against the China’s remarkable rise, make it both possible and necessary for Japan to improve relations with Russia. Good-neighborly relations with Moscow will provide Tokyo with greater confidence in an increasingly uncertain geopolitical environment. The constructivist analysis produces a much less optimistic picture. For over two centuries Russia-Japan relations accumulated substantial burden of mutual grievances and accusations. To overcome the barriers of distrust and hostility, geopolitical drivers are not sufficient. Bold steps toward each other are needed. These steps should not be only about symbolism, but also about substance such as considerably raising the scale of economic, social and human interactions. The two-level game model, applied to the territorial dispute negotiations, shows that Russia and Japan are now in a more or less equal position, since their chief negotiators, Vladimir Putin and Shinzo Abe, are both strong and popular leaders who are capable of securing domestic ratification of a deal, even if it contains significant concessions. Overall, the prospects for Russia-Japan relations can be assessed with cautious optimism, as a window of opportunity for their improvement has opened.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Япония</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион</kwd><kwd>неоклассический реализм</kwd><kwd>конструктивизм</kwd><kwd>двухуровневые игры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>Japan</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>the United States</kwd><kwd>the Asia-Pacific</kwd><kwd>neoclassical realism</kwd><kwd>constructivism</kwd><kwd>two-level games</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Браун Дж. Синдзо Абэ – необычный премьер-министр Японии / Российский совет по международным делам. 14.12.2016. URL: http://russiancouncil.ru/blogs/dvfu/?id_4=3027 (дата обращения: 20.01.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogaturov A.D. (ed.) (2000). Sistemnaya istoriya mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy [The Systemic History of International Relations] Vol. 1. Moscow: Mosckovsky rabochiy. 516 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Внешняя политика Японии: история и современность / Отв. ред. Э. Молодякова. М.: Восточная литература, 2008. 318 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown J. (2016). Shinzo Abe – neobychny premier Yaponii [Shinzo Abe – Japan’s extraordinary prime minister]. Russian International Affairs Council. 14.12.2016. Available at: http://russiancouncil.ru/blogs/dvfu/?id_4=3027 (accessed 20.01.2017).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцев Д. Инцидент Хвостова и Давыдова: взгляд из Японии // Вестник ДВО РАН. 2005. №4. С. 39-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown J. (2017). Japan’s Russia Policy: Looking Back on 2016 and Ahead to 2017. The Asan Forum. 10.02.2017. URL: http://www.theasanforum.org/japans-russia-policy-looking-back-on-2016and-ahead-to-2017/ (accessed: 15.02.2017).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кавато А. Возвращение «старой гвардии» Либерально-демократической партии Японии / Российский совет по международным делам. 06.02.2013. URL: http://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-andcomments/analytics/vozvrashchenie-staroy-gvardii-liberalno-demokraticheskoy-par/ (дата обращения: 22.01.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang G. (2013). Japan’s Values Diplomacy. World Affairs. 01.07. 2013. URL: http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/gordon-g-chang/japan%E2%80%99s-values-diplomacy(accessed 25.01.2017).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Системная история международных отношений / Под ред. А. Богатурова. Т.1. М.: Московский рабочий, 2000. 516 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chugrov S. (2016). Obraz Rossii v Yaponii i obraz Yaponii v Rossii [Russia’s image in Japan and Japan’s image in Russia]. Moscow: Russian International Affairs Council. 64 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Совастеев В. Геополитика Японии с древнейших времён до наших дней. Владивосток: Изд-во Дальневост. ун-та, 2009. 132 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conybeare J. (1992). A Portfolio Diversification Model of Alliances: The Triple Alliance and Triple Entente, 1879-1914. Journal of Conflict Resolution. № 1 (March): 53-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стрельцов Д. Японский пацифизм уходит в прошлое? Российский совет по международным делам. 23.09.2015. URL: http://japanstudies.ru/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=728&amp;Item id=59 (дата обращения: 25.01.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamikubo M. (2017). Sharing the wealth to melt the ice: Japan and Russia. PacNet №18. 22.02.2017. URL: https://www.csis.org/analysis/pacnet-18-sharing-wealth-melt-ice-japan-and-russia (accessed 25.02.2017).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сурков Н. Египетская национальная гордость против саудовских предубеждений / Российский совет по международным делам. 24.01.2017. URL: http://russiancouncil.ru/inner/?id_4=8624#topcontent (дата обращения: 14.02.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawato A. (2013). Vozvrashchecniye ‘staroy gvardii’ Libral’no-demokraticheskoy partii [The return of the LDP’s ‘old guard’]. Russian International Affairs Council. 06.02.2013. URL: http://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/vozvrashchenie-staroy-gvardii-liberalno-demokraticheskoypar/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чугров С. Образ России в Японии и образ Японии в России. М.: Российский совет по международным делам, 2016. 64 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maxie J. (2017). How Japan Plans to Counter China in Southeast Asia. Diplomat. 24.01.2017. URL: http://thediplomat.com/2017/01/how-japan-plans-to-counter-china-in-southeast-asia/ (accessed 29.01.2017).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown J. Japan’s Russia Policy: Looking Back on 2016 and Ahead to 2017. The Asan Forum. 10.02.2017. URL: http://www.theasanforum.org/japans-russia-policy-looking-back-on-2016-and-aheadto-2017/ (дата обращения: 15.02.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neoclassical Realist Theory of International Politics. Ed. by S. Lobell, N. Ripsman, J. Taliaferro. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang G. Japan’s Values Diplomacy // World Affairs. 01.07. 2013. URL: http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/gordon-g-chang/japan%E2%80%99s-values-diplomacy (дата обращения: 25.01.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Putnam R. (1988). Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games. International Organization. Vol. 42, №. 3 (Summer): 427-460.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conybeare J. A Portfolio Diversification Model of Alliances: The Triple Alliance and Triple Entente, 18791914 // Journal of Conflict Resolution. 1992. № 1 (March). P. 53-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose G. (1998). Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy. World Politics. Vol. 51, № 1. P. 144-172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamikubo M. Sharing the wealth to melt the ice: Japan and Russia // PacNet №18. 22.02.2017. URL: https://www.csis.org/analysis/pacnet-18-sharing-wealth-melt-ice-japan-and-russia (дата обращения: 25.02.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reus-Smith C. (2005). Constructivism. In: S. Burchill, A. Linklater, R. Devetak et al. (eds) Theories of International Relations. London: Palgrave Macmillan: 188-212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maxie J. How Japan Plans to Counter China in Southeast Asia // Diplomat. 24.01.2017. URL: http://thediplomat.com/2017/01/how-japan-plans-to-counter-china-in-southeast-asia/ (дата обращения: 29.01.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samuels R. (2007). Securing Japan. Ithaca: Cornel University Press. 277 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neoclassical Realist Theory of International Politics. Ed. by S. Lobell, N. Ripsman, J. Taliaferro. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schweller R. (2014). China’s Aspirations and the Clash of Nationalisms in East Asia: A Neoclassical Realist Examination. International Journal of Korean Unification Studies. № 2. P. 1-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Putnam R. Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games // International Organization. 1988. Vol. 42, №. 3. P. 427-460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sil R., Katzenstein P. (2010). Beyond Paradigms: Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World Politics. New York: Palgrave. 240 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose G. Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy // World Politics. 1998. Vol. 51, № 1 (October). P. 144-172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sovasteyev V. (2009). Geopolitika Yaponii s drevneyshikh vremyon do nashikh dney [Japan’s Geopolitcs from the Ancient times to the Present]. Vladivostok: Far Eastern University Press. 132 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reus-Smith C. Constructivism // Theories of International Relations / ed. by S. Burchill, A. Linklater, R. Devetak et al. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. P. 188-212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Streltsov D. (2015). Yaponskiy patsifizm ukhodit v proshloye? [Is Japan’s pacifism a thing of the past?]. Russian International Affairs Council. 23.09.2015. URL: http://japanstudies.ru/index.php?option=com_ content&amp;task=view&amp;id=728&amp;Itemid=59</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samuels R. Securing Japan. Ithaca: Cornel University Press, 2007. 277 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Surkov N. (2017). Yegipetskaya natsionalnaya gordost’ protiv saudovskikh predubezhdeniy [Egyptian national pride versus Saudi prejudice]. Russian International Affairs Council. 24.01.2017. URL: http://russiancouncil.ru/inner/?id_4=8624#top-content</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schweller R. China’s Aspirations and the Clash of Nationalisms in East Asia: A Neoclassical Realist Examination // International Journal of Korean Unification Studies. 2014. № 2. P.1-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Togo K. (2016). Breakthrough in Japan-Russia Relations and Advancing Regional Security. Positive Scenario II. The Asan Forum. 28.12.2016. URL: http://www.theasanforum.org/category/alternativescenarios/?post_id=7786&amp;c_id=8066#content_wrap</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sil R., Katzenstein P. Beyond Paradigms: Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World Politics. New York: Palgrave, 2010. 240 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molodyakova E. (ed.) (2008). Vneshnyaya politika Yaponii: istoriya i sovremennost’ [Japan’s Foreign Policy: history and the present]. Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura. 318 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Togo K. Breakthrough in Japan-Russia Relations and Advancing Regional Security. Positive Scenario II. The Asan Forum. 28.12.2016. URL: http://www.theasanforum.org/category/alternative-scenarios/?post_id=7786&amp;c_id=8066#content_wrap (дата обращения: 15.02.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waltz K. (2008). The Emerging Structure of International Politics, 1993. In: Realism and International Politics. New York: Routledge. P. 166-196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waltz K. The Emerging Structure of International Politics // Realism and International Politics. New York: Routledge, 2008. P. 166-196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wendt A. (1992). Anarchy is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics. International Organization. Vol. 46. № 2. P. 391-425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wendt A. Anarchy is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics // International Organization. 1992. Vol. 46. № 2 (Spring). P. 391-425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaitsev D. (2005). Intsident Khvostova i Davydova: vzglyad iz Yaponii. Vestnik DVO RAN [The Bulletin of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. №4. P. 39-47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
