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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2017.15.2.49.5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-703</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИЗМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL PRISMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Концептуальные подходы к определению понятия силы в международных отношениях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Conceptual Approaches to the Definition of Power in IR Theory</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобанова</surname><given-names>Дарья</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobanova</surname><given-names>Daria</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лобанова Дарья Андреевна - руководитель проекта Фонда поддержки публичной дипломатии имени А.М. Горчакова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ms Daria Lobanova - Project Manager, The Alexander Gorchakov Public Diplomacy Fund</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lobanova@gorchakovfund.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ ИМ. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лобанова Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лобанова Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lobanova D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/703">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/703</self-uri><abstract><p>Сегодняшнее состояние международных отношений характеризуется рядом специалистов как «новая холодная война». В подобных условиях на первый план выдвигается вопрос о поиске необходимых способов реагирования на вызовы и угрозы, в связи с чем государства, обладая необходимым для этого потенциалом и возможностями, стремятся более изощрённым путём оказывать воздействие на своих оппонентов для достижения желаемых политических результатов. Анализ развития информационных концепций демонстрирует, что важность категории силы в её различных проявлениях как основного внешнеполитического ресурса любого государства остаётся основным методом межгосударственного общения. В статье автор рассматривает эволюцию подходов к определению значения и роли силы в мировой политике, применяя теоретические концепции для анализа международной обстановки. Изучение развития рассматриваемого концепта в трудах мировых и отечественных специалистов в области данной проблематики демонстрирует, что представители основных школ теории международных отношений (ТМО) по-разному оценивают и определяют границы и целесообразность использования государством своей военной мощи и принудительных действий, т.е. «жёсткой силы», с одной стороны, с другой – «мягкой силы», определяемой американским политологом, профессором Джозефом Наем как «способность добиваться желаемого на основе добровольного участия союзников, а не с помощью принуждения и подачек». Анализ работ ведущих аналитиков позволяет сделать вывод о значимости обоих типов силы в нынешней конфликтной международной среде. Так, сохранение или в некоторых случаях наращивание военных бюджетов ряда стран демонстрирует приверженность принципам «жесткой силы», с другой стороны, бюджеты на продвижение «мягкой силы» являются существенной статьёй расходов этих же государств. Вместе с этим автор приходит к мнению о понятийной многозначности понятий «жёсткая» и «мягкая сила», способной создать методологические трудности при исследовании данной проблемы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Current state of international relations (IR) is characterized by number of experts as «The New Cold War». In such circumstances exploring ways of reacting on threats and challenges are bringing to the fore. Thereby states, having the needed potential and possibilities, search for the new sophisticated leverages in order to reach necessary political results. The analysis of informational concepts development shows that the importance of power category as a key political resource of any country in its different demonstrations stays the key method of state-to-state communication. In this article author considers the evolution of theoretical approaches for determination of the role of power in accordance with certain political situation in particular historical context. The review of this concept evoltuion in the works of Russian and foreign scientists shows that the representatives of main schools of IR theory have differently assessed and determined the boundaries of using military power and coercive actions, i.e. hard power – on the one hand – and soft power on the other hand, which is defined by professor Joseph Nye as «the ability to attract and co-opt, rather than by coercion» [Nye 2004]. These studies had let to the conclusion about the importance of both of power types in current confrontational international environment. Thus, reservation or sometimes even growing of country's military budget shows its devotion to “hard power”, while spending for “soft power” is also stays its significant item of expenditure. Along with this, author judges that both “soft” and “hard” power concepts have definitional ambiguity, that can pose difficulties while exploring the issue.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сила</kwd><kwd>«мягкая сила»</kwd><kwd>«жёсткая сила»</kwd><kwd>реализм</kwd><kwd>неолиберализм</kwd><kwd>транснационализм</kwd><kwd>Най</kwd><kwd>международные отношения</kwd><kwd>мировая политика</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>power</kwd><kwd>soft power</kwd><kwd>hard power</kwd><kwd>realism</kwd><kwd>neoliberalism</kwd><kwd>transnationalism</kwd><kwd>Nye</kwd><kwd>international relations</kwd><kwd>world politics</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>China</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аверков В.В., Богатуров А.Д. 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