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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2017.15.1.48.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-709</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Феномен Трампа и американская демократия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Trump Phenomenon and American Democracy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печатнов</surname><given-names>Владимир</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechatnov</surname><given-names>Vladimir</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Печатнов Владимир Олегович - доктор исторических наук, профессор, заведующий Кафедрой истории и политики стран Европы и Америки МГИМО МИД России, Заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Vladimir Pechatnov - Chair, Department of History and Politics of European and American Countries, MGIMO University</p><p>Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vopechatnov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>13­-34</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Печатнов В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Печатнов В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pechatnov V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/709">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/709</self-uri><abstract><p>В центре внимания статьи – вопрос о том, как и почему несистемный кандидат Дональд Трамп смог победить на выборах 2016 г. в США, несмотря на сопротивление собственной партии и большей части политической элиты страны. Анализируются американские дебаты о причинах, характере и возможных последствиях этого феномена для будущего американской демократии. Важнейшим слагаемым победы Трампа стало протестное голосование трудовой Америки, прежде всего – жителей штатов Среднего Запада и американской глубинки вследствие ухудшения их материального положения, обусловленного негативными последствиями глобализации и деинду стриализации страны. Вторым мотивом протестных настроений стало болезненное восприятие голосовавшими потери национальной идентичности в условиях глубоких изменений расово-этнического состава населения США и распространения политики мультикультурализма, навязываемой либеральной элитой страны. Избирательная кампания Трампа сумела эффективно мобилизовать и оседлать этот социальный протест, направив его против политической элиты, ведущих СМИ и политико-академического сообщества, обвиненных в грубом игнорировании интересов простых американцев. Выступая от имени «забытой Америки», Трамп предложил популистскую программу действий, созвучную ее настроениям. Политический класс страны воспринял победу Трампа и его сторонников как авторитарно-националистическую угрозу либеральным институтам, которую необходимо купировать. Актуальность задачи защиты либеральной демократии от ее популистских крайностей усиливается ее интернациональным характером. В статье рассматривается эрозия основных институциональных преград на пути популистского протеста – антимажоритарных элементов конституции Соединенных Штатов, контроля партийного руководства над номинационным процессом, доминирования политической элиты в информационном пространстве через ведущие СМИ и экспертное сообщество. Поскольку процесс этой эрозии носит необратимый характер, основное внимание в развернувшихся в США дебатах концентрируется на поисках конструктивного ответа на популистский вызов, нацеленного на минимизацию его предпосылок – вопиющего социально-экономического неравенства, негативных последствий глобализации, крайностей мультикультурализма. Феномен Трампа, заключает автор, поставил американский либерализм перед серьезным испытанием.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is focused on the question how and why the iconoclastic candidate Donald Trump won in 2016 election despite the resistance of his own party and most of American political elite. Also analyzed are current American debates about causes, nature, and implications of this phenomenon for the future of American democracy.</p><p>The key component of Donald Trump’s victory was a protest vote of America’s working class, coming mostly from the Mid-West and the country heartland in general. This protest is rooted in deteriorating material conditions of this electorate that has suffered from the negative consequences of globalization and de-industrialization. It has also experienced a painful loss of status and identity in the context of a changing racial composition of the country and the spread of multiculturalism imposed by the liberal elite. Donald Trump’s campaign, according to the author, has skillfully mobilized and rode this discontent channeling it against political elites, mainstream media and academic community, blamed for total disregard of ordinary Americans’ interests. Speaking for the “Forgotten America” Trump offered a populist program of action in tune with this mood. The country’s political class reacted to Trump’s victory as an “authoritarian-nationalistic” threat to liberal institutions that had to be rebuffed. Defending liberal democracy from populist extremes becomes even more urgent in light of international scope of this challenge.</p><p>In this context, the article traces an erosion of the main institutional barriers on the way of populist protest – anti-majoritarian features of U.S. Constitution, the party  leaders’  control  over  nomination process, political elite dominance in public information through mainstream media and expert community. Since this erosion is largely irreversible, the main attention in the current debates is focused on searching for a constructive response to populist challenge – a response aimed to ameliorate its preconditions – a glaring social and economic inequality, negative consequences of globalization, and extremes of multiculturalism. The article’s final conclusion is that the Trump phenomenon presents a serious test for American liberalism.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Трамп</kwd><kwd>популизм</kwd><kwd>демократия</kwd><kwd>либерализм</kwd><kwd>политическая элита</kwd><kwd>выборы 2016 г.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Trump</kwd><kwd>populism</kwd><kwd>democracy</kwd><kwd>liberalism</kwd><kwd>political elites</kwd><kwd>election of 2016</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор выражает благодарность профессору МГИМО Э.Я. Баталову и почетному профессору Оксфордского университета А. Брауну за ценные замечания, высказанные в ходе работы над этой статьей.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author expresses his gratitude to MGIMO Professor E.J. Batalov and Honorary Professor of Oxford University A. 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