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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2016.14.4.47.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-734</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Транснационализация неправительственных организаций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transnationalization of NGO’s</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутейников</surname><given-names>Александр</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuteynikov</surname><given-names>Alexander</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутейников Александр Евгеньевич - кандидат политических наук, доцент Кафедры социологии политических и социальных процессов Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Alexander Kuteinikov - Associate Professor, School of Sociology, St. Petersburg State University</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.kuteynikov.sociology@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москальчук</surname><given-names>Елена</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskalchuk</surname><given-names>Elena</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москальчук Елена Игоревна - ассистент Кафедры социологии политических и социальных процессов Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ms Elena Moskalchuk - Teaching Fellow, School of Sociology, St. Petersburg State University</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>30–48</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кутейников А., Москальчук Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кутейников А., Москальчук Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuteynikov A., Moskalchuk E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/734">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/734</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель статьи заключается в том, чтобы объяснить взаимосвязь между расширением сфер деятельности НПО и особенностями эволюции Организации Объединенных Наций. Теоретическая новизна работы состоит в выявлении трех элементов неформальной управленческой структуры ООН и объяснении процесса транснационализации деятельности НПО. Эмпирическую базу исследования составляют результаты социологических опросов методом полуструктурированного интервью, а также консультативных бесед, проведенных в 2013–2015 годах и в 2016 году. В числе 38 экспертов представлены руководители и сотрудники неправительственных организаций с консультативным статусом при ЭКОСОС, служащие и интерны ООН, лица, работающие в органах ООН в личном качестве, дипломаты, исследователи. Авторы статьи приходят к выводам о том, что предоставление НПО консультативного статуса при ЭКОСОС не только выступило фактором формирования их международной правосубъектности, но и создало условия для международной институционализации всего неправительственного сектора. ООН, осуществляя волю государств-членов,приняла на себя функцию содействия развитию НПО и предоставила им площадки и каналы выхода на международную арену, в результате чего они консолидировались в отдельный класс международных субъектов. Вследствие эффекта бумеранга, описанного М. Кек и К. Сиккинг, НПО стали оказывать обратное влияние на государства, а также на саму ООН, в частности, инициировать расширение сферы ее интересов, влиять на формирование так называемых идей ООН, подключаться к программам и проектам по всем направлениям деятельности. В результате в ООН наряду с «формальным управленческим треугольником», образуемым Советом Безопасности, Генеральной Ассамблеей и Секретариатом, сложился «неформальный управленческий треугольник» вершины которого образуют: первую – государства-члены, вторую – органы ООН и третью – НПО, обладающие консультативным статусом при ЭКОСОС, а также другие негосударственные акторы. При явной институтуциональной слабости этой третьей вершины, в плане своего влияния она обладает серьезными возможностями и, в частности, служит каналом, обеспечивающим воздействие транснациональных игроков на систему ООН.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this article is to account for the relationship between expansion of areas of NGO activities and evolution of the United Nations. The theoretical novelty of this work is to identify three elements of an informal management structure of the UN and to explain the process of trans-nationalization of NGOs’activities. Empirically research is based on the results of expert’s sociological survey conducted using the method of semi-structured interviews and consultations. 38 experts including leaders and  employees of NGO’s in consultative status with ECOSOC, UN staff and interns, diplomats, individuals acting at the UN in the personal capacity, and researchers had been interviewed in 2013-2015 and in 2016. The authors of the article conclude that consultative status was not only means for getting the international legal personality for NGO’s, but also created reasons for institutionalization of whole international nongovernmental sector. The United Nations at the will of its Member States took over the function of promoting development of NGO’s and provided them platforms and channels for entering the international arena.As a result, they have consolidated into a separate class of international actors. Eventually, because of the so-called boomerang effect, discovered by M. Keck and K. Sikkink, NGO’s began to exert the opposite effect on the states, as well as on the United Nations itself. In particular they initiated enlargement of the sphere of UN interests, influenced so-called UN ideas, and gat linked up to the programs and projects in all activities. As a result, alongside "formal management triangle" of the UN, formed by Security Council, General Assembly and Secretariat, "informal management triangle" has been created. Its three tops are formed by: the first – by Member States, the second – by UN organs, and the third by NGO’s in consultative status with ECOSOC, as well as other non-state actors. This third top in spite of its institutional weakness has significant opportunities in terms of influence on UN family in particular as a channel to provide impacts on transnational players.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неправительственные организации</kwd><kwd>консультативный статус</kwd><kwd>негосударственные акторы</kwd><kwd>ООН</kwd><kwd>ЭКОСОС</kwd><kwd>транснациональные структуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Non-governmental organizations</kwd><kwd>consultative status</kwd><kwd>non-state actors</kwd><kwd>UN</kwd><kwd>ECOSOC</kwd><kwd>trans-national structures</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Основная часть публикации подготовлена в ходе поддержанного РГНФ научного проекта № 13-07-00020. Заключительная часть статьи написана в ходе выполнения работ по гранту РНФ № 16-18-10315 в Санкт-Петербургском государственном университете. Социологический опрос методом полуструктурированного интервью (28 респондентов) и консультативные беседы (12 респондентов) с руководителями и сотрудниками (ныне действующими и работавшими в прошлом) в НПО с консультативным статусом при ЭКОСОС, служащими и волонтерами отделения ООН в Женеве, дипломатами, лицами, работающими в органах ООН в личном качестве, исследователями проводились в 2013-2015 годах в Москве, Санкт-Петербурге и Женеве; в 2016 г. – в Женеве. В обработке материалов интервью и подготовке публикации принимал участие доц. СПбГУ С. Д. Савин.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The main part of the publication was prepared during the scientific project No. 13-07-00020 supported by the Russian National Science Foundation. The final part of the article was written in the course of work on the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 16-18-10315 at St. Petersburg State University. A sociological survey using semi-structured interviews (28 respondents) and consultative conversations (12 respondents) with managers and staff (current and former) in NGOs with consultative status with ECOSOC, employees and volunteers of the UN office in Geneva, diplomats, persons working in UN bodies in a personal capacity, researchers were conducted in 2013-2015 in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Geneva; in 2016 – in Geneva. The assoc participated in the processing of the interview materials and the preparation of the publication. St. Petersburg State University S. D. Savin.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бояшов А. С., Кутейников А. Е. Роль Европейского суда по правам человека в формировании и воспроизводстве глобальных социальных групп // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета. Сер. 12. 2014. № 3. 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