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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2016.14.4.47.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-737</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Арабская весна и реформа Шенгена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Schengen Rules in the Wake of Arab Spring</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Декальчук</surname><given-names>Анна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dekalchuk</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Декальчук Анна Андреевна - кандидат политических наук, доцент Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики»</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Anna Dekalchuk - Associate Professor, National Research University – Higher School of Economics</p><p>St. Petersburg, 198099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adekalchuk@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>80–98</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Декальчук А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Декальчук А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dekalchuk A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/737">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/737</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе анализа реформы шенгенского законодательства в 2011–2013 годах, запущенного в ответ на социально-политические выступления в Северной Африке и приток мигрантов к средиземноморским берегам Европейского Союза, настоящая статья показывает, каким образом политические антрепренеры используют окна возможностей, открывающиеся в результате внешних шоков, с тем, чтобы обеспечить удовлетворение собственных предпочтений. Рассмотренный случай принятия решений в ЕС ставит эмпирический вопрос о том, как реформа, инициированная Италией и Францией с целью «ре-национализации Шенгена», в итоге привела к прямо противоположному результату. Исследование демонстрирует, что важнейшим фактором, предопределившим такой исход, стало институциональное положение Европейской комиссии, обладающей монопольным правом законодательной инициативы в Европейском Союзе. Оно дало наднациональной бюрократии возможность заручиться поддержкой Европейского парламента и фактически превратить его в вето-игрока в переговорах с Советом министров по вопросу реформы шенгенского законодательства. Таким образом, Комиссия сумела поймать государства-члены в «ловушку совместного принятия решений», вынудив их принять законодательство, отличавшееся от их первоначальных предпочтений. В работе используется метод отслеживания процесса, часто применяемый для изучения изменений политических курсов. В статье рассматривается ход реформы начиная со стадии определения повестки дня, инициированного властями Италии. Далее в статье освещается стадия выбора решения проблемы из пула возможных альтернатив, предлагавшихся различными игроками, и запуск реформы. В следующем шаге анализируется переговорный процесс между государствами-членами ЕС и Европейским парламентом, закончившийся принятием двух законодательных актов. В заключение мы помещаем изученный кейс в более широкую теоретическую перспективу сравнительной политологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>By studying the process of reform of the Schengen acquis in 2011-2013 inspired by the Arab Spring and the inflow of migrants to the Mediterranean shores of the European Union, this paper seeks to demonstrate how policy entrepreneurs exploit windows of opportunity that open following an external shock (a notion is used to conceptualize the events of the Arab Spring) in order to fulfill their own preferences, regardless of the substance of the external shock in question. How could it happen that the reform initiated by Italy and France in 2011 to “re-nationalise the Schengen” would in the end turn out to be just the opposite of what they sought to achieve? The article suggests that the major factor which helps explain this is the institutional position of the European Commission which holds exclusive right of legislative initiative, and the fact that by using its position, the Commission was able to win over the European Parliament to its side by effectively making it a veto-player in negotiations with the EU Council, thus trapping the Member States into the “joint decision trap”. The research traces the reform process through all of its stages: starting with the agenda-setting by the Italian authorities who applied alarmist rhetoric trying to securitize the migrants arriving to the Italian shores, proceeding with the choice between alternative solutions proposed by different actors and policy reform initiation, multilateral negotiations between the EU Member States and the European Parliament and, concluding with the adoption of the two legislative acts. The concluding remarks put the case into the broader theoretical perspective of comparative politics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>принятие политических решений</kwd><kwd>политические антрепренеры</kwd><kwd>арабская весна</kwd><kwd>Шенген</kwd><kwd>Европейская комиссия</kwd><kwd>Европейский парламент</kwd><kwd>реформы в ЕС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>public policy analysis</kwd><kwd>political entrepreneurs</kwd><kwd>Arab Spring</kwd><kwd>Schengen</kwd><kwd>European Commission</kwd><kwd>European Parliament</kwd><kwd>EU reforms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Большова Н. Н. «Пегида» как пример массовых протестных движений, возникших в Европе под влиянием миграционного кризиса // Полис. Политические исследования. 2016. №3. С. 123-137. 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