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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2016.14.3.46.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-756</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Глобальная наука и национальные научные культуры: трудности сопряжения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Global Academia and National Scholarly Cultures: Points of Contention</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балышев</surname><given-names>Александр</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balyshev</surname><given-names>Alexander</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балышев Александр Владимирович – кандидат биологических наук, директор Центра фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Alexander Balyshev – Director, Centre for Basic Research, Higher School of Economics</p><p>Moscow, 101000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коннов</surname><given-names>Владимир</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konnov</surname><given-names>Vladimir</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коннов Владимир Иванович – кандидат социологических наук, доцент, заместитель заведующего Кафедрой философии МГИМО МИД России</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Vladimir Konnov – Deputy Chair and Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, MGIMO University</p><p>Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VIKonnov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балышев А., Коннов В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балышев А., Коннов В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balyshev A., Konnov V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/756">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/756</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье предлагается анализ конфигурации интересов, складывающейся внутри научных сообществ, которая характеризуется противоречием между исследователями, ориентированными на глобальное научное поле, и учеными, ассоциирующими себя прежде всего с национальным научным комплексом. Данная проблема рассматривается с точки зрения теорий «академического капитализма» и «транснационального капиталистического класса», отличающихся скептическим взглядом на глобализационные процессы. Цель анализа заключается в поиске причин, вызывающих противоречия внутри сообществ ученых, и в качестве основной предпосылки конфликта рассматривается расхождение интересов, возникающее между учеными, ориентированными на расширение своих возможностей за счет внутренних, главным образом, государственных ресурсов, и той частью научного сообщества, которая рассматривает в качестве приоритета участие в глобальной науке, в большей степени зависящее от связей с ее инфраструктурой – университетами «мирового уровня», транснациональными корпорациями и наднациональными организациями, финансирующими научные исследования. В статье предлагается краткий исторический обзор международного развития науки в период с конца 1940-х годов по настоящее время. В качестве ключевых для этого процесса моментов рассматриваются: возникновение относительно четкого разделения между фундаментальной и прикладной наукой в послевоенные годы; взрывной рост в университетских исследованиях и высшем образовании в 1950-1960-х годах; реформы в области регулирования университетской интеллектуальной собственности и финансирования университетов в 1980-х годах; перелом в отношениях государства и науки в 1990-х годах. В статье также обсуждается ряд случаев, изучение которых позволяет выявить причины возникновения в научном сообществе фракций, представляющих расходящиеся интересы. К ним относятся, во-первых, проблема участия в массиве публикаций на английском языке для ученых из неанглоязычных стран; во-вторых, вопрос создания университетов мирового уровня в странах с сильными научными традициями, отличающимися от американских, доминирующих в глобальном научном поле; и, в-третьих, столкновение между организациями, принадлежащими к двум разным уровням финансирования научных исследований в Европе – национальному и наднациональному. На основе рассмотренных случаев делается вывод о взаимосвязи внутренней фрагментации научного сообщества с более широкими социально-экономическими противоречиями, главным образом – между глобалистски и локально ориентированными социальными группами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article attempts to analyze the configuration of interests within scientific communities, which is characterized by a juxtaposition between researchers disposed towards a global research space and scientists primarily associated with national science systems. This juxtaposition is examined from a viewpoint of “academic capitalism” and “transnational capitalist class” theories, both of which are skeptical towards globalization. The aim of the analysis is to determine the causes of such a positioning of scientists within the community. The main hypothesis of the article is that the key premise of this conflict is divergence of interests between scientists, aiming to improve their situation by increasing the flow of state resources, and researchers prioritizing participation in global science, which is dependent on connections with its infrastructure including world class universities, transnational corporations, and supranational organizations providing financial support of research.  The article offers an overview of the international development of science in the period from the late 1940s till the current decade. It accentuates the following milestones: the emergence of a distinct division between basic and applied science in the decade following World War Two, an explosive growth of higher education in the 1950-60s, reforms of intellectual property regulations and university funding in the 1980s; a realignment in relations between state and university in the 1990s. The article also considers a number of cases, which allow to determine the causes leading to the division of the scientific community into fractions representing diverging interests. Among them are the following: the problem of participation in English-language scientific press for researchers from non-Englishspeaking countries; development of world class universities in countries with strong scientific traditions differing from the American tradition, which dominates the global research space; collision of interests between national and supranational levels of research funding in Europe. The main conclusion made based on these cases is that the emergence of fractions in the scientific community is closely connected to wider social-economic contradictions, first of all those arising between globally and locally oriented social groups.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>научное сообщество</kwd><kwd>академический капитализм</kwd><kwd>научная политика</kwd><kwd>университеты мирового уровня</kwd><kwd>национальные научные фонды</kwd><kwd>Европейский исследовательский совет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scientific community</kwd><kwd>academic capitalism</kwd><kwd>science policy</kwd><kwd>world class universities</kwd><kwd>national science foundations</kwd><kwd>European Research Council</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блинов А.Н., Талагаева Д.А. 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