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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2016.14.1.44.9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-794</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Политика США в Мировом океане</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The US Policy in World Ocean</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудев</surname><given-names>Павел</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudev</surname><given-names>Pavel</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гудев Павел Андреевич - кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник Института мировой экономики и международных отношений (ИМЭМО) РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Pavel Gudev – Senior Research Fellow, IMEMO, Russian Academy Of Sciences</p><p>Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">citricelectric@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мировой экономики и международных отношений РАН им. Е.М. Примакова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy  of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гудев П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гудев П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gudev P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/794">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/794</self-uri><abstract><p>США на протяжении длительного времени отстаивают привилегированную роль в вопросах контроля за соблюдением норм международного права, в том числе в отношении использования и эксплуатации пространств и ресурсов Мирового океана. Борьба с необоснованными, по их мнению, претензиями других государств осуществляется в рамках программы «Свобода мореплавания» (Freedom of Navigation – FON). Её реализация играет важнейшую роль не только в обеспечении торговых и экономических интересов США, но и с точки зрения возможности оперативной переброски американских вооруженных сил морским путем. При этом в области борьбы с такими видами угроз, как распространение ядерного оружия, пиратство, морской терроризм, представляющими опасность для всего международнноого сообщества, США не исключают для себя возможность нарушения норм Конвенции ООН по морскому праву 1982 года. Стремление обеспечить себе приоритетные права в области осуществления военно-морской и разведывательной деятельности ведет к расширительному толкованию Вашингтоном отдельных конвенционных норм и интерпретации их как норм обычного права. Неучастие Соединенных Штатов в Конвенции 1982 года, с одной стороны, в сочетании с последовательной практикой принуждения к исполнению конвенционных норм другими странами  - с другой, свидетельствуют о глобальной противоречивости океанической политики США. В настоящее время формируются дополнительные экономические и политические стимулы, побуждающие Вашингтон пересмотреть свою политику в отношении основополагающего международного документа по морскому праву. Вместе с тем перспективы его присоединения к Конвенции 1982 г. и, в более широком смысле, корректировки подходов к вопросам регулирования пространств Мирового океана будет зависеть от расстановки внутриполитических сил, отстаивающих различные варианты международной стратегии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The U.S. has traditionally claimed a key role in the protection of international legal norms, including the use and exploitation of the ocean’s space and resources. This sphere is especially significant for it, as control over maritime routes is essential for American national security and prosperity. Therefore, the current article focuses on the current state of the U.S. policy regarding regulation in the World Ocean. The U.S. struggles against other states excessive maritime claims in the framework of the Freedom of Navigation Programme (FON). Its implementation is crucial not only to ensure US commercial and economic interests, but strategic and military also. First, it guarantees the possibility of American armed forces’ rapid transfer by sea. However, in some respects international maritime legislation restricts the United States ability to protect its interests. The U.S. fights against threats which pose a challenge to all countries of the world community like nuclear proliferation, piracy, maritime terrorism, all the while itself directly violating the norms and provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Moreover, the US desire to ensure itself a priority level of naval and intelligence activities leads Washington to broad interpretation of conventional norms. It also attempts to interpret some of the norms as part of the common legal order, which is applicable beyond Conventional terms. As a result, the US ocean policy can be qualified as contradictory and inconsistent because of its non-participation in the 1982 UNCLOS and because of it continuously encourages other states to respect the Convention's norms. The article, however, identifies some developments, which could force the United States to revisit its position and maybe join the 1982 UNCLOS.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Мировой океан</kwd><kwd>Конвенция ООН по морскому праву 1982 года</kwd><kwd>свобода судоходства</kwd><kwd>право транзитного прохода</kwd><kwd>международные проливы</kwd><kwd>военно-морские силы</kwd><kwd>ОМУ</kwd><kwd>ИБОР</kwd><kwd>морской терроризм</kwd><kwd>нормы договорного и обычного права</kwd><kwd>Арктика</kwd><kwd>АТР</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Common spaces</kwd><kwd>1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)</kwd><kwd>Freedom of Navigation</kwd><kwd>right of transit passage</kwd><kwd>international straits</kwd><kwd>Navy</kwd><kwd>Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)</kwd><kwd>maritime terrorism</kwd><kwd>conventional and customary law</kwd><kwd>Arctic</kwd><kwd>Asia-Pacific region</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вылегжанин А.Н., Каламкарян Р.А. 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