intertrendsМеждународные процессыInternational Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy1728-27561811-2773AEFIR10.17994/IT.2015.13.4.43.6intertrends-812Research ArticleАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИЗМЫANALYTICAL PRISMSИсследования энергетики в теории международных отношенийEnergy Studies in the Theory of International RelationsБоровскийЮрийBorovskyYury

Боровский Юрий Викторович – кандидат исторических наук, доцент Кафедры международных отношений и внешней политики России МГИМО МИД России

Москва

Dr Yury Borovsky – Associate Professor, Department of International Relations and Russia’s Foreign Policy, MGIMO University

Moscow, 119454

yuribor@mail.ruТрачукКсенияTrachukKseniya

Трачук Ксения Витальевна – аспирантка Кафедры международных отношений и внешней политики России МГИМО МИД России

Москва

Ms Kseniya Trachuk – Doctoral Candidate, Department of International Relations and Russia’s Foreign Policy, MGIMO University

ksanatr@inbox.ruМГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияMGIMO UniversityRussian Federation2015080920251348698Copyright © Боровский Ю., Трачук К., 20252025Боровский Ю., Трачук К.Borovsky Y., Trachuk K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/812

Начиная с 1970-х годов, когда страны Запада столкнулись с последствиями крупномасштабного нефтяного эмбарго, вопросы энергетики стали неотъемлемой частью исследований мировой политики. Доминирующую роль в интерпретации международных энергетических процессов традиционно играют неореалистские подходы, частью программы анализа которых является борьба государств за доступ к материальным ресурсам, в том числе энергетическим. Одна из ключевых тем таких исследований – военные аспекты энергетических отношений. Ряд представителей неореалистской традиции обращаются к проблеме «ресурсного национализма», связанного с ужесточением государственного контроля над энергетическими ресурсами. Схожие оценки разделяют исследователи, анализирующие вопросы энергетики в рамках геополитических подходов. Принципиально другое понимание взаимоотношений в энергетической сфере предлагают специалисты, близкие к неолиберальной школе. По их мнению, фактор взаимозависимости сводит к минимуму риск военного противостояния, создавая предпосылки для мирного сотрудничества и глобального регулирования. В центре внимания представителей неолиберальной парадигмы – роль институтов и режимов в международных отношениях, а также значение многообразных негосударственных игроков. На фоне «спора» неореалистов и неолибералов получили развитие и другие теоретические направления. В русле конструктивизма проблемы мировой энергетики рассматриваются с точки зрения эволюции идей и представлений, определяющих поведение субъектов. Свой вклад в осмысление энергетической проблематики вносят представители школы международной полит экономии и приверженцы различных неомарксистских течений. При этом значительная часть специалистов совмещают в своих работах положения нескольких теоретических школ.

Politics of energy have been a key area of international relations studies since the oil crisis of 1970ies. The  theoretical framework of energy research is still dominated by neorealism, which focuses on the role of state actors and their interests in terms of energy security. Military aspects of energy politics are by far the main area of interest of the neorealist school, represented by M.Klare, J. Russell, D. Moran etc. “Resource nationalism” is another issue analyzed by scholars inspired by neorealism. Some neorealist researchers use the geopolitical framework to study energy policy. The neoliberal school, represented by A. Goldthau, J.M.Witte, C. Fettweis and others, looks into the role of institutions, international cooperation and liberal markets. Unlike neorealists, neoliberals suppose that international energy markets provide the necessary conditions for peaceful cooperation and global governance. However, as an alternative to this “neo-neo” debate, several new theoretical approaches are becoming increasingly popular among energy policy researchers. For instance, the constructivist school provides an interesting insight into the role of perceptions and ideas in the energy sphere. Neomarxist and international political economy theories are also used to analyzing energy policy issues. A large number of scholars, both in Russia and abroad, prefer a combined approach based on elements of various theories. Combined analytical frameworks have been developed by such leading Western researchers as D.Yergin, A.Korin and G.Luft, as well as many Russian scholars, including N.Simonia, N.Mironov and S.Zhiznin.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.