<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2015.13.3.42.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-833</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сценарии будущего России в оценках американских экспертов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scenarios of Russia's Future in American Experts’ Assessments</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаклеин</surname><given-names>Василий</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaklein</surname><given-names>Vassily</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаклеин Василий Владимирович – кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник Института США и Канады РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Vassily Shaklein – Research Fellow, the Institute of US and Canada Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Moscow, 123995</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasily.shaklein@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт США и Канады РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for USA and Canada Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаклеин В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаклеин В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shaklein V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/833">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/833</self-uri><abstract><p>В течение почти двадцати пяти лет после распада биполярной системы ведутся дискуссии относительно параметров нового мирового порядка. Хотя в настоящее время все больше обсуждают перспективы полицентричного мира, Соединенные Штаты и большинство их союзников по НАТО сохраняют приверженность моноцентричной модели. Они действуют в соответствии с глав ной целью – закрепить такой порядок любыми способами вплоть до военного вмешательства в отдельные страны и регионы. Их действия уже имеют заметный результат: многие государства практически «выбиты» из активной внешнеполитической деятельности, а их будущее программируется в США. Россия остается в фокусе американской стратегии, так как она пытается сохранить свою роль в мировой политике и прикладывает усилия к созданию регулируемой системы межгосударственных отношений по периметру своих границ. Одним из важнейших вопросов остается обес печение безопасности как самой России, так и соседних государств, в ряде из которых политика США и НАТО привела к нестабильности, политическому и социально­экономическому упадку. Рост военной активности стран НАТО в мире и особенно в Евразии обосновывается аналитическими разработками «мозговых центров» и специалистов по международным отношениям, которые стремятся не только спрогнозировать, но и смоделировать будущее мира. Оно предстает в их прогнозах без России. Автор пытается проанализировать различные сценарии разрабатываемые американскими экспертами и ответить на вопрос о том, какова конечная цель выдвигаемых ими планов и рекомендаций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Twenty-five years after the end of the “Cold War” the future world order remains the main topic of expert debate in International Relations. Though, the concept of a polycentric world order is supported by multiple states, the United States and its NATO allies adhere to a unipolar vision of the world. Therefore, they attempt to consolidate their privileged position in international politics. Their activities have brought about rather vivid and controversial results: various countries, which were affected by American interventions are in disarray. They have lost all opportunity to become active participants in regional affairs to say nothing about world politics. Their future development is programmed by the U.S. and its European partners. Russia remains in the focus of American policy as it strives to sustain its Great Power status and attempts to establish a regulated and stable system of interstate relations around its borders. One of the key issues in this regard is security. American policy in some Post-Soviet countries caused political, social and economic instability and even crises. The growth of the military activity of the United States and NATO is accompanied by publications of American ‘think tanks’ and experts who are eager to justify the unilateralist policies of the West. They even envision scenarios in which the world is depicted without active and potent Russia. The author analyzes some of these scenarios and tries to explain why they are suggested and actively promoted. It also seeks to formulate an alternative agenda for Russian foreign policy, which could reverse the current confrontational trend in international politics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>мировой порядок</kwd><kwd>милитаризация американской политики</kwd><kwd>новые типы войн</kwd><kwd>пропаганда</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>мозговые центры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>the United States</kwd><kwd>militarization of American policy</kwd><kwd>world order</kwd><kwd>new wars</kwd><kwd>propaganda</kwd><kwd>political forecasting</kwd><kwd>think tanks</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Америка в фокусе российских исследователей. История и современность. Под ред. Т.А. Шаклеиной. М.: Издательство МГИМО – Университета, 2014. – 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abelson D.E. (2006). A Capitol Idea. Think Tanks and US Foreign Policy. Montreal &amp; Kingston: McGill Queen’s University Press. 367 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баталов Э.Я., Журавлева В.Ю., Хозинская К.В. «“Рычащий медведь” на “диком Востоке”». М.: РОССПЭН, 2009. 384 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allison R. (2013). Russia, the West &amp; Military Intervention. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 308 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баталов Э.Я. Мировое развитие и мировой порядок. – М.: РОССПЭН, 2005. – 376 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bacevich A.J. (2005). The New American Militarism. How Americans Are Seduced by War. N.Y.-Oxford: Oxford University Press. 270 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баталов Э.Я. Русская идея и Американская мечта. М.: Прогресс-Традиция, 2009. – 384 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baсevich A.J. (2009). The Limits of Power. The End of American Exceptionalism. N.Y.: Metropolitan Books. 213 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Введение в прикладной анализ международных ситуаций. Под ред. Т.А. Шаклеиной. М.: АСПЕКТ ПРЕСС, 2014.- 287 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baсevich A.J. (2010). The Washington Rules. N.Y.: Metropolitan Books. 236 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глобальная безопасность в цифровую эпоху. Стратагемы для России. Под общей редакцией А.И. Смирнова. М.: ВНИИ геосистем, 2014. 392 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batalov E.Ya. (2005). Mirovoe razvitie i mirovoj poryadok [Global Development and Global Order]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. 376 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ергин Д., Густафсон Т. Россия двадцать лет спустя. Четыре сценария. Пер. с англ. М.: Международные отношения, 1995. – 288 с. (Первое издание книги на англ. языке вышло в 1993 г.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batalov E.Ya. (2009). Russkaya idya i Americanskaya mechta [Russian Idea and American Dream]. Moscow: Progress-Traditisya. 384 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Истомин И.А. Внешнеполитическая экспертиза в США // Сравнительная политика. 2015. №1. С. 111-127</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batalov E.Ya., Zhuravleva V.Yu., Khozinskaya K.V. (2009). “Rychaschij Medved’” na “dikom Vostoke” [‘Growling Bear’ in the ‘Wild East’]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. 384 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.И., Кохтюлина И.Н. Глобальная безопасность и «мягкая сила 2.0»: вызовы и возможности для России. М.: НИИ Глоб, 2012. 251 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedman G. (2009). The Next 100 Years. A Forecast for the 21st Century. N.Y.: Anchor Books. 253 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Современное политическое сознание в США. Отв. ред. Ю.А. Замошкин, Э.Я. Баталов. М.: Наука, 1980. 446 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon G.N., Falk I., Hodapp W. (1963). The Idea Invaders. N.Y.: Hastings House, Publishers. 256 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаклеина Т.А. Россия и США в мировой политике. М.: АСПЕКТ ПРЕСС, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halperin M.H., Clapp P.A. (2006). Bureaucratic Politics and Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. 400 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шейдина И.Л. США: «фабрики мысли» на службе стратегии. М.: Наука, 1973 – 192 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Istomin I.A. (2015). Vneshnepoliticheskaya ekspertiza v SSHA [Foreign Policy Expertise in the USA]. Sravnitel’naya Politika. No. 1. P. 111-127</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шиллер Г. Манипуляторы сознанием. Пер. с англ. науч. ред. Я.Н. Засурский. М.: Мысль, 1980. – 326 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khanna P. (2009). The Second World. How Emerging Powers Are Redefining Global Competition in the Twenty-First Century. N.Y.: Random House. 466 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abelson D.E. A Capitol Idea. Think Tanks and US Foreign Policy. Montreal &amp; Kingston: McGill Queen’s University Press, 2006. – 367 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchins A. (2007). Alternative Futures for Russia to 2017. A Report of the Russia and Eurasia Program.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allison R. Russia, the West &amp; Military Intervention. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. – 308 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Center for Strategic and International Studies. Washington, D.C.: CSIS. 60 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baсevich A.J. The Limits of Power. The End of American Exceptionalism. N.Y.: Metropolitan Books, 2009. 213 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchins A. (ed) (2002). Russia after the Fall. Washington, D.C.: CEIP. 324 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacevich A.J. The New American Militarism. How Americans Are Seduced by War. N.Y.-Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005. – 270 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Legvold R. (ed.) (2007). Russian Foreign Policy in the 21st Century &amp; the Shadow of the Past. N.Y.: Columbia University Press. 534 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baсevich A.J. The Washington Rules. N.Y.: Metropolitan Books, 2010. 236 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandelbaum M. (ed.) (1998). The New Russian Foreign Policy. N.Y.: A Council on Foreign Relations. 342 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emerging Powers in a Comparative Perspective. The Political and Economic Rise of the BRIC Countries.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moyo D. (2011). How the West Was Lost. Fifty Years of Economic Folly and the Stark Choices Ahead. N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 226 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vidya Nadkarni and Norma C. Noonan (eds.). N.Y.: Bloomsbury, 2013. – 241 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nadkarni V., Noonan N.C. (eds.) (2013). Emerging Powers in a Comparative Perspective. The Political and Economic Rise of the BRIC Countries. N.Y.: Bloomsbury. 241 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon G.N., Falk I., Hodapp W. The Idea Invaders. N.Y.: Hastings House, Publishers, 1963. 256 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nau H.R., Ollapally D.M. (eds.) (2012). Worldviews of Aspiring Powers. Domestic Foreign Policy Debates in China, India, Iran, Japan, and Russia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 242 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedman G. The Next 100 Years. A Forecast for the 21st Century. N.Y.: Anchor Books, 2009. 253 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlesinger Jr. A.M. (1974). The Imperial Presidency. N.Y.: Popular Library, 1974. 541 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halperin M.H., Clapp P.A. Bureaucratic Politics and Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 2006. 400 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakleina T.A. (2012). Rossiya i SSHA v mirovoj politike [Russia and the USA in World Politics]. Moscow: Aspekt Press. 272 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khanna P. The Second World. How Emerging Powers Are Redefining Global Competition in the Twenty-First Century. N.Y.: Random House, 2009. 466 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakleina T.A. (ed.) (2014). Amerika v fokuse rossijskikh issledovatelej. Istoriya i sovremennost’ [America in the Focus of Russian Scholars. History and Current Issues]. Moscow: MGIMO University. 416 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuchins A. Alternative Futures for Russia to 2017. A Report of the Russia and Eurasia Program. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Washington, D.C.: CSIS, 2007. – 60 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakleina T.A. (ed.) (2014). Vvedenie v prikladnoj analiz mehdunarodnykh situatsij [Fundamentals of the Applied Analysis of International Issues]. Moscow: Aspekt Press. 287 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moyo D. How the West Was Lost. Fifty Years of Economic Folly and the Stark Choices Ahead. N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011. – 226 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shejdina I.L. (1973). SSHA: “fabriki mysli” na sluzhbe strategii [USA: Think Tanks’ Contribution to the Strategy]. Moscow: Nauka. 192 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The New Russian Foreign Policy. Ed. by M. Mandelbaum. N.Y.: A Council on Foreign Relations, 1998. 342 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiller G. (1980). Manipulyatory soznaniem [Manipulators of Consciousness]. Moscow: Mysl’. 326 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russia after the Fall. Andrew C. Kuchins, ed. Washington, D.C.: CEIP, 2002. – 324 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.I., Kokhtyulina I.N. (2012). Global’naya bezopasnost’ i “myagkaya sila 2.0”: vyzovy i vozmozhnosti dlya Rossii [Global Security and “Soft Power 2.0”: Challenges and Opportunities for Russia]. Moscow: NIIGlob. 251 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russian Foreign Policy in the 21st Century &amp; the Shadow of the Past. Ed. by R. Legvold. N.Y.: Columbia University Press, 2007. – 534 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.I. (ed.) (2014). Global’naya bezopasnost’ v tsifrovuyu epokhu. Stratagemy dlya Rossii [Global Security in the Digital Age. Stratagems for Russia]. Moscow: VNIIGeosistem. 392 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlesinger Jr. A.M. The Imperial Presidency. N.Y.: Popular Library, 1974. 541 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stent A.E. (2015). The Limits of Partnership. U.S. – Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 394 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stent A.E. The Limits of Partnership. U.S. – Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. – 394 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yergin D., Gustafson T. (1995). Rossiya dvadtsat’ let spustya. Chetyre stsenariya [Russia in Twenty Years. Four Scenarious]. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 288 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Worldviews of Aspiring Powers. Domestic Foreign Policy Debates in China, India, Iran, Japan, and Russia. Ed. by Henry R. Nau and Deepa M. Ollapally. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. – 242 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zamoshkin Yu.A., Batalov E.Ya. (eds). (1980). Sovremennoe politicheskoe soznanie v SSHA [Current Political Thinking in the USA]. Moscow: Nauka. 446 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
