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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2015.13.3.42.8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-834</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Публичная дипломатия США: от «мягкой силы» к «диалоговой пропаганде»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New Forms and Elements of US Public Diplomacy: From Soft Power to Dialogue-Based Propaganda</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветкова</surname><given-names>Наталья</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkova</surname><given-names>Natalya</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цветкова Наталья Александровна – доктор политических наук, доцент Кафедры американских исследований Факультета международных отношений Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dr Natalya Tsvetkova – Associate Professor, Department of American Studies, School of International Relations, Saint Petersburg State University</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.tsvetkova@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цветкова Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цветкова Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsvetkova N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/834">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/834</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются причины смены концептуальной парадигмы в публичной дипломатии США: концепции мягкой/умной силы уступили место диалоговой пропаганде/стратегической коммуникации. В первой части статьи рассматривается период 2009–2012 годов, когда под влиянием идей Дж. Ная, госсекретарь Х. Клинтон и эксперты в области публичной дипломатии реализовывали политику «привлечения–вовлечения» зарубежной целевой аудитории по отношению к ценностям и культуре США. Практическое воплощение данного подхода нашло отражение в развитии цифровой дипломатии, программах публичной дипломатии США в странах Ближнего Востока, а также в попытках администрации Б. Обамы наладить сотрудничество с рядом государств. Во второй части статьи рассматривается период 2013–2015 годов, когда новая концепция диалоговой пропаганды, официально обозначаемая Вашингтоном как стратегическая коммуникация, стала доминировать во внешнеполитическом дискурсе США. Практическое применение новой концепции выразилось в новой реформе публичной дипломатии, направленной на развитии программ пропаганды. Автор приходит к выводу, что в силу нарастания напряженности в мире, связанной с проблемами на Ближнем Востоке и Украине, активизации международной информационной политики Ирана, России и Китая, а также из-за смены экспертного звена в области публичной дипломатии, имевшей место в связи с уходом Х. Клинтон из администрации Б. Обамы, произошла резкая смена концептуальной парадигмы публичной дипломатии США. Вместо инструмента проведения политики привлечения–вовлечения она стала механизмом стратегической коммуникации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper explores a shift in conceptual paradigms of US public diplomacy from soft/smart power to dialogue-based propaganda. In the first section of the article, the author examines the period of 2009–2012, when Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and her experts in the field of public diplomacy followed Nye’s concept of soft/smart power, and conducted the policy of engagement with foreign audiences and the policy of attraction to American values and culture. In the context of wider diplomatic practice, this policy was confirmed by the efforts made by President Barack Obama to improve relations with Iran, Russia, North Korea, and Cuba, and by a new digital diplomacy aimed at empowering civil activists in the Middle East that contributed to the protest movements. In the second section of this article the author examines the period of 2013–2014, when the concept of dialogue-based propaganda, referred to often as the concept of strategic communication, undermined the concept of soft/smart power in American public diplomacy. The concept of dialogue-based propaganda includes more activities of direct traditional propaganda than the concept of soft/smart power and the policy of engagement do. The practical aspect of this conceptual shift is reflected in a current reform of the public diplomacy apparatus and its essence proposed by the US Congress in 2014. Because of the reform, international broadcasting and propaganda became primary instruments of public diplomacy. The author concludes that current American public diplomacy is driven by the concept of dialogue based propaganda rather than the concept of soft/smart power. The following have contributed to the emergence of the paradigm known as the dialogue-based propaganda approach in American public diplomacy: the changes in the community of Washington DC that occurred when Hillary Clinton, who supported and promoted the ideas offered by J. Nye, left the Department of State; the regional crises which unfolded in both the Middle East and Ukraine; and the expanding of international broadcasting in Russia, China, and Iran.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>публичная дипломатия</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>пропаганда</kwd><kwd>стратегическая коммуникация</kwd><kwd>умная сила</kwd><kwd>мягкая сила</kwd><kwd>политика вовлечения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Public Diplomacy</kwd><kwd>US</kwd><kwd>propaganda</kwd><kwd>strategic communication</kwd><kwd>smart power</kwd><kwd>soft power</kwd><kwd>engagement</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байков А.А. «Мягкая мощь» Европейского Союза в глобальном силовом равновесии: евро-российский трек // Вестник МГИМО-Университета. 2014. № 2 (35). С. 36-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armitage R., Nye J. (2007). 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