intertrendsМеждународные процессыInternational Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy1728-27561811-2773AEFIR10.46272/IT.2024.22.3-4.78-79.4intertrends-854Research ArticleОТ ТЕОРИИ К ПРАКТИКЕFROM THEORY TO PRACTICEКитайский агробизнес на Дальнем Востоке РоссииChina’s Agricultural Engagement in the Russian Far East.ЗуенкоИ. Ю.ZuenkoI. Yu.

Зуенко Иван Юрьевич – кандидат исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Института международных исследований, доцент Кафедры востоковедения

Dr Ivan Zuenko – Senior Research Fellow, Institute for International Studies; Associate Professor, Department of Asian and African Studies

i.zuenko@inno.mgimo.ruМГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияMGIMO UniversityRussian Federation202414092025223-46884Copyright © Зуенко И.Ю., 20252025Зуенко И.Ю.Zuenko I.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/854

В данной статье рассматривается деятельность китайского агробизнеса на Дальнем Востоке России – прежде всего, в контексте продовольственной безопасности после COVID-19 (2020) и обострения «украинского кризиса» (2022), двух событий, которые в значительной степени нарушили глобальные цепочки поставок продовольствия, особенно кукурузы, сои и пшеницы. Так, после начала СВО Китай был вынужден возобновить импорт продовольствия из США, чтобы компенсировать потерю поставок с Украины, в то время как спрос на российскую сельскохозяйственную продукцию резко вырос в Китае, на Ближнем Востоке и в Центральной Азии. Российский Дальний Восток с его географической близостью к Китаю в этом контексте приобрёл стратегическое значение. Отдельный интерес вызывает деятельность в регионе китайского агробизнеса. Опираясь на полевые исследования, проведённые в Приморском крае, Амурской области и Еврейской автономной области (2014–2019, 2022–2023), автор делает ряд выводов о положении китайского агробизнеса в регионе, имеющихся проблемах и тенденциях в их деятельности (главной из которых является постепенный отход от производства в пользу крупнооптовых закупок продукции, выращенной российскими компаниями). Анализ показывает, что ограничения производственных мощностей и инфраструктуры не позволяют российскому Дальнему Востоку полностью заменить украинскую кукурузу или американскую сою на китайском рынке: как с использованием китайского агробизнеса, так и без него. Однако преимущества региона – более короткие пути поставок в Китай и благоприятные условия для сои и риса без ГМО – делают его стратегически важным на карте торговли продовольствием в контексте китайского рынка. Учитывая стратегическое значение для Китая вопросов продовольственной безопасности, можно предположить, что спрос на сельскохозяйственную продукцию Дальнего Востока России сохранится и в будущем, что будет способствовать развитию региона и укреплению двусторонних торгово-экономических связей.

This article examines Chinese agribusiness activity in the Russian Far East in the context of food security in China and Russia following COVID-19 (2020) and the Ukrain Crisis (2022), both of which disrupted global food supply chains, particularly for corn, soy, and grain. After Russia’s Special Military Operation in Ukraine, China resumed food imports from the U.S. to offset the loss of Ukrainian supplies, while demand for Russian agricultural products surged in China, the Middle East, and Central Asia. The Russian Far East, with its geographic proximity and logistical advantages, gained strategic importance in this context. Drawing on field research conducted in Primorsky Krai, Amur Oblast, and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast (2014– 2019, 2022–2023), this study assesses the risks and opportunities of Chinese agribusiness in the region for Russia. Findings indicate that production capacity and infrastructure limitations prevent the Russian Far East from fully substituting for Ukrainian corn or American soy in the Chinese market. However, the region’s advantages—shorter supply routes and favorable conditions for GMO-free soybeans and rice—rein-force its role in China’s premium food supply. For Russia, growing Chinese demand for crops supports regional economic development, though investment in dairy and meat industries remains crucial for national food security. Given China’s strategic focus on food security, agricultural cooperation enhances cross-border economic ties and fosters deeper collaboration between Russian and Chinese agribusinesses, ultimately strengthening bilateral economic relations and regional prosperity in the Russian Far East.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.