While the politics of memory has been extensively explored as a domestic policy instrument, its function in shaping foreign affairs remains underexamined. Drawing on Joseph Nye’s concept of “soft power,” this article investigates how the politics of memory influences diplomatic and cultural engagements in post-Soviet Central Asia. The region is conceptualized as a contested space in which historical memory serves as a strategic resource for external actors – including Turkey, Iran, India, China, and Russia – seeking to project influence and foster alignment among local populations. These “mnemonic actors” deploy narratives of shared cultural and historical legacies, such as the “Turkish world” and the “Legacy of the Silk Road,” to encourage the development of transnational memories that transcend national boundaries. The analysis evaluates each actor’s “mnemonic soft power” by examining the various historical narratives and symbolic initiatives they promote. Turkey emerges as particularly effective, leveraging the notion of the “Turkish world” through collaborative historical textbooks, scholarly conferences, and cultural festivals to solidify a sense of shared identity. China, by contrast, exhibits comparatively limited resources for mobilizing soft power in the region. Meanwhile, Russia – historically the imperial “metropole” – faces significant challenges in forging a common memory that encompasses both the pre-Soviet and Soviet periods. Nonetheless, it relies on the evocative power of World War II as part of the region’s “short-term memory,” although this advantage is likely to erode as generational change reshapes collective memory. The article concludes that memory politics constitutes a pivotal dimension of contemporary geopolitics in Central Asia, with evolving implications for regional alignments.