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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17994/IT.2015.13.1.40.5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-864</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИКСИРУЕМ ТЕНДЕНЦИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATCHING A TREND</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лоббизм в институтах Европейского Союза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lobbying in the EU Institutions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденкова</surname><given-names>Дарья</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenkova</surname><given-names>Daria</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руденкова Дарья Эдуардовна - аспирантка Института мировой экономики и международных отношений Российской академии наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ms Daria Rudenkova - Doctoral Candidate, Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rudenkova.daria@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мировой экономики и международных отношений РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Руденкова Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Руденкова Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rudenkova D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/864">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/864</self-uri><abstract><p>В исследованиях, посвященных группам интересов, принято выделять три основных типа представительства интересов, каждый из которых соответствует определенной системе политической организации: плюралистический, элитарно-плюралистический и неокорпоративистский. Данные типы обладают характерными чертами, которые диктуют роль, приоритетность, степень влияния и вовлеченности групп интересов в политической процесс. Для Европейского Союза характерен дуализм плюралистического и неокорпоративисткого типов. Такая система политического представительства групп интересов сбалансирована и при этом динамична. Дуализм типов представительства может быть объяснен стремлением ЕС повысить уровень прозрачности в процессе принятия решений и одновременно преодолеть пресловутый демократический дефицит. Анализируя логику доступа групп интересов к ключевым институтам ЕС, автор выделяет структурно-функциональные возможности лоббистов по воздействию на принимаемые решения. В центре внимания – Европейская комиссия, Европейский парламент, Совет, Комитет постоянных представителей, Экономический и социальный комитет, а также Комитет регионов. В зависимости от имеющихся в распоряжении ресурсов и сферы деятельности, группы интересов осуществляют лоббистскую деятельность в разных институтах с целью обеспечить принятие благоприятного для себя решения. В такой схеме институты выступают в роли черного ящика, в котором происходит конверсия посылаемых группами интересов запросов в конкретные меры и действия, которые призваны, удовлетворив или отклонив запрос, обеспечить легитимность политического управления. В связи с этим институты заинтересованы в участии групп интересов в процессе принятия решений. Внутренняя структура ЕС неоднородна: институты не только придерживаются альтернативных позиций по рассматриваемым ими вопросам. Зачастую им не хватает слаженности и внутри их самих. С одной стороны, лоббисты вынуждены приспосабливаться к каждому институту в отдельности и искать характерные подходы и методы взаимодействия. С другой – Европейская комиссия не стремится к применению жестких мер регулирования по отношению к группам интересов, потому что они служат основным источником информации и экспертного мнения. Напротив, она поощряет развитие сетей между группами интересов, чьи позиции имеют точки соприкосновения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In modern studies of interest groups, three main types of interest representation are identified, each of which corresponds to one of the systems of political organization: pluralism, elite pluralism and neocorporatism. These types are determined by the role, priority, impact and involvement of interest groups in the political process. The European Union can be defined as a dualism of pluralism and neocorporatism. Such a system of political representation of interest groups is at the same time a balanced and dynamic one. This dualism of interest representation systems can be explained by the desire of the EU to increase the level of transparency in decision-making process and to overcome the democratic deficit. Analyzing the logic of access to the key EU institutions, the author highlights the structural and functional capabilities of lobbyists to influence decisions. The author focuses on the European Commission, European Parliament, Council of Ministers, the Committee of Permanent Representatives, the Economic and Social Committee and Committee of the Regions. Depending on the available resources and activities, interest groups lobby different institutions in order to ensure the adoption of favorable decisions for themselves. In this scheme, institutions represent a black box in which interest group requests are converted into concrete measures and actions. Therefore, to a certain extent, institutions are interested in interest group participation in the decision-making process. The institutional structure of the European Union is heterogeneous: not only do the institutions themselves differ from each other in their policy, but they often lack coherence within their own structures. Hence, lobbyists have to adapt to each institution separately and find specific approaches and methods of interaction. However, the European Commission does not seek to use strict measures of control in relation to interest groups because they are the main source of information and expertise. On the contrary, the Commission encourages the development of networks between interest groups whose positions have something in common. These are the main features in the logic of access to the EU institutions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>группы интересов</kwd><kwd>лоббизм</kwd><kwd>Европейский Союз</kwd><kwd>логика доступа</kwd><kwd>институты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>groups of interest</kwd><kwd>lobbying</kwd><kwd>European Union</kwd><kwd>logic of access</kwd><kwd>institutions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байков А.А. Идеологический компонент в эволюции Евросоюза // Полис. 2013. №1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baykov A.A. (2013). The Ideological Component in the EU Evolution. Polis. #1, pp. 130-141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леви Д.А. 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