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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-872</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Политическая субъектность ЕС?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political Actorness of the EU?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гнатюк</surname><given-names>Николай</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gnatyuk</surname><given-names>Nikolay</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гнатюк Николай Николаевич - кандидат политических наук, доцент Кафедры политологии Национального университета «Киево-Могилянская академия» (Украина)</p><p>Киев</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Nikolay Gnatyuk – Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, National University “Kiev Mohyla Academy”, Ukraine</p><p>Kyiv, 04655</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mgnatyuk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный университет «Киево-Могилянская академия»</institution><country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy</institution><country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гнатюк Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гнатюк Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gnatyuk N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/872">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/872</self-uri><abstract><p>Способность ЕС активно взаимодействовать с другими игроками на мировой арене и уникальные особенности его поведения обусловливают потребность исследования его субъектности. Поскольку в научной литературе отсутствует консенсус в оценках Евросоюза как международного игрока, в статье проводится анализ ключевых теоретических предпосылок концептуальной фиксации такого статуса. Вопрос политической субъектности Евросоюза принадлежит к ключевым проблемным темам современных теорий международных отношений. Реалистская интерпретация отрицает представление о ЕС как о самостоятельном международно-политическом субъекте, поскольку он лишен традиционных атрибутов государства и в первую очередь наличия собственных вооруженных сил. Как следствие, ЕС классифицируется как некая институциональная рамочная конструкция, которая препятствует возникновению конфликта между европейскими странами и дает возможность проецировать их мощь вовне. Последующее становление ЕС как субъекта международных отношений будет зависеть от процессов политической унификации входящих в него единиц. Если процесс дальнейшей централизации окажется успешным, то он может привести к формированию подобия полноценной государственной структуры. Вместе с тем при сохранении нынешних институциональных форм ЕС будет обречен  совмещать статус международной организации с характеристиками международного режима и политического союза, имея лишь ограниченный уровень автономности в сферах делегированных полномочий. Представители неолиберального подхода отмечают, что уже сейчас ЕС способен существенно влиять на политические процессы и даже менять характер межгосударственных отношений. Наиболее важным следствием его деятельности становится изменение способа определения национальных интересов. Несмотря на то, что система сотрудничества в рамках ЕС не может преодолеть международную анархию, она предоставляет возможности и побуждает реализовывать совместные интересы, превращая интеграционное объединение в мощного мирового политического и экономического игрока. Этому процессу способствует необходимость противодействия политическим вызовам в условиях глобализации и прежде всего задача повышения глобальной конкурентоспособности входящих в ЕС исторических великих держав. Формирование в ЕС общей системы ценностей, лояльности и форм коллективной идентичности приводит к тому, что абсолютный контроль национального начала над эволюцией ЕС постепенно размывается. Для многих представителей конструктивистского подхода политическая структура ЕС может быть сравнима с государственной и является ее постмодерной,  то есть постсовременной формой. Как показывают результаты анализа, трудности и различия в определении международной политической субъектности связаны в первую очередь с одномерной трактовкой взаимосвязи структуры международной системы и ее элементов. Выходом из сложившегося теоретического тупика в установлении мирополитической роли ЕС может стать признание онтологического равенства интерпретаций, что даст возможность отказаться от априорного отождествления политического игрока с государством и преодолеть дихотомию «государство – международная организация» в осмыслении места ЕС в международной системе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The ability of the European Union to actively interact with other partners in world politics and the  unique dynamic of its behavior draw attention to the phenomenon of its “actorness”. The major theoretical approaches substantially disagree on how to evaluate the EU as an international actor. The study of key striking points may be helpful in investigating why there is no substantial progress in this field.</p><p>The realist interpretation of the EU is based on the denial of any possibility for a non-state entity to become an international actor because it is deprived of some key characteristics, the most important of which is the ability to use its armed forces. As a result, the EU is classified as an international institutional framework, which helps to prevent a conflict between European countries and provide an opportunity to project their power beyond its borders. Development of the EU as an international actor will depend on its ability to continue the process of political unification: further centralization may lead to the formation of a state- like entity; and vice-versa, the maintaining of the current institutional framework means that the EU would combine its status of being an international organization with the characteristics of an international regime and political union, which has a certain level of autonomy in the areas of delegated competences. At the same time, the EU already has the ability to exercise significant political influence and the potential to change the common way of dealing with international relations (the neoliberal interpretation). The most important consequence of its international presence is the transformation of the concept of national interests. Despite the fact that the system of cooperation within the EU cannot overcome the conditions of international anarchy, it provides opportunities and encourages the implementation of common interests, turning the EU into a powerful global political and economic player. The political challenges of globalization push forward the process of institutional unification on the EU level. The formation of a common system of values, loyalty, and forms of collective identity makes it extremely difficult for the architects to control their new entity. For many constructivist scholars, the political structure of the EU can be compared with the state or is understood as being its postmodern form. The results of this study indicate that key disagreements over the investigated theoretical approaches about the phenomenon of the EU’s “actorness” are associated primarily with a one-sided interpretation of the relationship between the structure of the international system and its elements. A possible solution for this theoretical stalemate could be assumptions about ontological equality between structures and actors/agents. In this case, it opens up a way to find out the extent to which the EU has an “actorness” in the current international system, what in turn allows one to overcome the dichotomy of conceptualizing the EU as a“state-international organization”.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Европейский Cоюз</kwd><kwd>субъект международных отношений</kwd><kwd>политическая субъектность</kwd><kwd>реализм</kwd><kwd>либерализм</kwd><kwd>социальный конструктивизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>The European Union</kwd><kwd>international system</kwd><kwd>actor of international relations</kwd><kwd>political actorness</kwd><kwd>realism</kwd><kwd>liberalism</kwd><kwd>social constructivism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen D. Who speaks for Europe?: the search for an effective and coherent external policy / A Common Foreign Policy for Europe? 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