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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-885</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Американская гегемония и факторы системной нестабильности в XXI веке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>American Hegemony and Systemic Stability</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>Алексей</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>Alexey</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданов Алексей Николаевич – кандидат политических наук, доцент Кафедры американских исследований факультета международных отношений Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Alexey Bogdanov – Associate Professor, Department of American Studies, School of International Relations, Saint Petersburg State University</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">enlil82@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Cанкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богданов А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богданов А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogdanov A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/885">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/885</self-uri><abstract><p>Факторы и основания гегемонии США в XXI веке, а также ее влияние на стабильность современной международной системы и перспективы эволюции последней находятся в центре внимания многих исследователей, представляя собой актуальную проблему современной теории международных отношений. При этом в современной науке распространено понимание гегемонии, с одной стороны, как материального доминирования и господства одного государства над другими, обеспечиваемого прежде всего инструментами принуждения (в отличие, скажем, от лидерства, вытекающего из потенциала убеждения и мобилизации союзников [Шаклеина 2002]), а с другой – как способности державы-лидера формулировать правила международного поведения и обеспечивать их соблюдение. Как следствие, ученые, придерживающиеся реалистских взглядов на международную политику, абсолютизируют объективные, «материальные» аспекты этого феномена, в то время как исследователи либерального и конструктивистского направлений сосредоточивают свое внимание на изучении роли «идеациональных» (ideational) факторов. Это порождает методологические противоречия и затрудняет комплексное изучение факторов стабильности и динамики современной международной системы.</p><p>Автор статьи оценивает перспективы стабильности современной международной системы с учетом как «материальных» (уровень экономического развития, военная мощь, доступ к передовым технологиям), так и «идеациональных» (лидерство, идеология, легитимность) факторов. Особое внимание уделено природе и особенностям функционирования консенсусных механизмов поддержания устойчивости гегемонистского правления (общие ценности и моральные нормы, идеология), формирующих консолидирующие идентичности, которые, в свою очередь, обеспечивают согласие второстепенных государств с существующей властной асимметрией и гарантируют стабильность всего общественного порядка. Оценивая перспективы устойчивости глобальной американской гегемонии, автор приходит к заключению, что, несмотря на значительное ослабление экономической мощи США и усиление потенциальных конкурентов, фундамент современного гегемонистского порядка выглядит относительно прочным. Нормативное доминирование США, сохраняющееся благодаря разветвленной сети глобальных и региональных институтов, позволяет смягчать ревизионистские настроения, вызванные недовольством ряда второстепенных держав их положением в международной иерархии. Кроме того, способность США обеспечивать политическую и идеологическую интеграцию развитых капиталистических стран на основе общей модели общественного развития, а также неолиберальных ценностей (рыночная экономика, демократия, права человека и т.д.), позволяет поддерживать глобальное лидерство США, не допуская появления мощных антисистемных вызовов внутри «неолиберального блока». Автор констатирует, что самым опасным вызовом современной американской гегемонии является «делегитимация» США как единственной державы, способной гарантировать соблюдение общепринятых норм международного поведения, а также формулировать наиболее перспективные направления социально-экономического развития. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The stability of the contemporary international system and the future of U.S hegemony are widely discussed by experts, scholars and researchers all over the world. However, there is significant theoretical and methodological division between two major academic traditions. The first one (mainly realist) understands “hegemony” mostly as material dominance of one or several states that control key resources and militarily dominate the system, while the second (incorporating liberals and constructivists) views “hegemony” as the ability of the leading power to formulate and maintain the rules of international behavior and to provide obedience to these rules. Consequently, methodological uncertainty hampers the comprehensive analysis of the factors of stability and dynamics of the contemporary international system.</p><p>To avoid the aforementioned theoretical controversies, the author analyzes both “material” (economic strength, military might and access to the key technologies) and “ideational” (leadership, ideology and legitimacy) factors that determine systemic stability and change. Special attention is paid to the nature of consensual mechanisms for maintaining  hegemonic rule (common values, ideologies and identities) and providing secondary states’ loyalty to the existing order and their acceptance of power asymmetry. Assessing the prospects of stability and change in the contemporary international system, the author concludes that the U.S. economic decline and the rise of new competitors have not yet fundamentally shattered the foundations of the contemporary hegemonic order. The U.S. still enjoys normative dominance based a on worldwide institutional network, that allows it to mitigate revisionist attitudes among less powerful states that are unsatisfied with their role and place in the international hierarchy. Besides, the U.S. still maintains ideological leadership inside the “Western capitalist camp”, preventing systemic challenges to to its preeminence. In conclusion, the author states that the major threat to American hegemony today is its “delegitimation”, which could result in the U.S. losing its ability to transform and maintain the normative order and to provide the most attractive values and models of socioeconomic development to the world.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гегемония</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>международная система</kwd><kwd>стабильность</kwd><kwd>идеология</kwd><kwd>легитимность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hegemony</kwd><kwd>United States</kwd><kwd>international system</kwd><kwd>stability</kwd><kwd>ideology</kwd><kwd>legitimacy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация подготовлена в рамках поддержанного РГНФ научного проекта № 13-37-01001.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author would like to acknowledge the support of the Russian Foundation for Humanities in preparing this publication within the framework of a research project No 13-37-01001.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арриги Дж. 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