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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/IT.2025.23.2.81.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-931</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТ ТЕОРИИ К ПРАКТИКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Криминальные мятежи как форма неклассических военных конфликтов: механизмы сетевой экспансии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Criminal Insurgencies as a Form of Non-Classical Armed Conflicts: Mechanisms of Network Expansion</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стригунов</surname><given-names>Константин</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strigunov</surname><given-names>Konstantin S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стригунов Константин Сергеевич – кандидат политических наук, независимый исследователь</p><p>Профессор Академии военных наук</p><p>119330, г. Москва, Университетский проспект, 14, 1-е Отделение АВН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Konstantin S. Strigunov – Independent Researcher</p><p>Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences</p><p>University Avenue, 14, Moscow, 119330, 1st Department of the Academy of Military Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sks6891@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия военных наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Military Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стригунов К.S., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стригунов К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Strigunov K.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/931">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/931</self-uri><abstract><p>Влияние на государства высокоразвитых преступных организаций радикально возросло: данные субъекты способны осуществлять силовой территориальный контроль, заменяя государственную власть. Это явление представляет собой фундаментальную угрозу безопасности государств, особенно в регионе Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна. При достижении необходимого организационного, ресурсного и кадрового потенциала высокоразвитые преступные группировки приобретают формы повстанческого движения. В статье криминальные мятежи рассматриваются как формы неклассических военных конфликтов, которые могут соответствовать критериям внутренних вооружённых конфликтов. Криминальные мятежи способны распространяться через транснациональные криминальные сети. Цель исследования ‒ показать на примере конкретной транснациональной криминальной сети механизм интеграции в неё преступных организаций, способствующий экспансии или усилению криминальных мятежей. Преступные организации через интеграцию в транснациональные криминальные сети способны инициировать мятеж в государстве, где для него есть предпосылки. Этот вывод обусловлен ускоренным развитием преступных группировок через обмен информацией, организационными инновациями, ресурсами и предоставление выхода на глобальные нелегальные рынки. Механизм интеграции преступных организаций показан на примере транснациональной криминальной сети, представленной 27 бандами и картелями из шести стран. При помощи анализа социальных сетей определена топология сети и выявлены две подсети. Показана роль группировок, выступающих в качестве узлов-соединителей слоёв исследуемой сети. Вовлечение преступных организаций в транснациональные криминальные сети способствует распространению или усилению криминальных мятежей, являющихся примером неклассических военных конфликтов. Показан фактор коррупции в ряде стран Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна и связь их правительств с преступными организациями. Криминальные мятежи имеют коммерческую природу, их негосударственные субъекты с криминально-экономической мотивацией способны наносить государству и обществу ущерб, сопоставимый с классическими военными конфликтами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The influence of highly developed criminal organizations, such as gangs and cartels, has expanded dramatically, enabling these entities to exercise forceful territorial control and supplant state authority in affected regions. This phenomenon poses a fundamental threat to state security, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean, where it transcends traditional organized crime. As criminal groups achieve sufficient organizational capacity, resources, and personnel, they evolve into criminal insurgents. This paper conceptualizes criminal insurgencies as a form of non-classical military conflict meeting the criteria for internal armed conflicts. Such insurgencies may proliferate through transnational criminal networks. This study aims to demonstrate, via a case study of a specific transnational criminal network, how the integration of criminal organizations into these networks facilitates the expansion or intensification of criminal insurgencies. Criminal organizations operating in states without pre-existing emergencies, but with conducive conditions can initiate insurgencies through integration into transnational criminal networks. This is attributed to faster evolution of criminal groups by exchanging information, organizational innovations, resources and by providing access to global illegal markets. Conditions for insurgencies emerge even in regions previously unaffected. Using social network analysis, this study maps a transnational criminal network comprising 27 gangs and cartels across six countries. The network’s topology is examined, identifying two subnetworks and the pivotal role of connector nodes. Findings indicate that participation in transnational criminal networks amplifies the spread and intensity of criminal insurgencies, which, as non-classical military conflicts, inflict damage on states and societies comparable to traditional military conflicts. The corruption factor in a number of Latin American and Caribbean countries and the connection of their governments with criminal organizations is shown. The commercial nature of these insurgencies, driven by non-state actors with criminal and economic incentives, underscores their destabilizing potential. Ultimately, the study argues that the foundation of criminal insurgencies lies in the evolutionary dynamics of criminal organizations, with transnational network participation serving as a critical precursor.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Латинская Америка и Карибский бассейн</kwd><kwd>преступные организации</kwd><kwd>криминальные мятежи</kwd><kwd>неклассические военные конфликты</kwd><kwd>внутренние вооружённые конфликты</kwd><kwd>транснациональные криминальные сети</kwd><kwd>анализ социальных сетей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Latin America and the Caribbean</kwd><kwd>criminal organizations</kwd><kwd>criminal insurgencies</kwd><kwd>non-classical military conflicts</kwd><kwd>internal armed conflicts</kwd><kwd>transnational criminal networks</kwd><kwd>social network analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайдаев О.С. 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