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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/IT.2025.23.2.81.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-941</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Память о войне во Вьетнаме в американской общественно-политической дискуссии в отношении войн в Афганистане и Ираке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Memory of the Vietnam War in the American Socio-Political Debate Regarding the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дериглазова</surname><given-names>Лариса</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deriglazova</surname><given-names>Larisa V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дериглазова Лариса Валериевна – доктор исторических наук, профессор, профессор Кафедры мировой политики Национального исследовательского Томского государственного университета</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dr Larisa V. Deriglazova – Professor, Department of World Politics, National Research Tomsk State University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dlarisa@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Томский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дериглазова Л.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дериглазова Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Deriglazova L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/941">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/941</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящее исследование сосредоточено на изучении осмысления крупных военных кампаний Соединенных Штатов Америки в первые два десятилетия XXI века, осуществленных в Афганистане и Ираке, с учетом влияния памяти о войне во Вьетнаме (1965–1973). Данный конфликт обусловил формирование специфического феномена, обозначаемого как «вьетнамский синдром», который характеризуется состоянием глубокого социально-политического кризиса американского обще- ства в 1970–1980-е годы. Специфическим выражением этого явления стало нежелание политиче- ской элиты и неприятие со стороны общества использования США военной силы. Память и уроки войны во Вьетнаме является неотъемлемой частью любого обсуждения возможности при- менения военной силы США. Целью статьи является выявление дискурсивных практик и сооб- ществ и роли памяти о войне во Вьетнаме в этих обсуждениях. По результатам исследования можно выделить несколько дискурсов о военных и политических уроках войн, что отражается в дискурсивных практиках выделяемых сообществ. В общественно-политическом дискурсе, который представлен в публицистике, журналистских расследованиях, общественном мнении, война обсуждается с точки зрения потерь и затрат, которые не были оправданы, легитимности начала войн и ответственности политиков, принимавших решения о начале войн. Такие дискур- сивные практики сформировались в период войны во Вьет­наме и повторяются при обсуждении войн в Афганистане и Ираке и отражают дискурс «жертвы» с точки зрения критического дискурс- анализа. Политики, принимавшие решения о начале войн, склонны оправдывать легитимность начала войн и перекладывают ответственность на исполнителей военных действий и тех прези- дентов, кто принимал решения о выводе войск. Военные обсуждают свой опыт участия в войнах и склонны возлагать ответственность за неудачи на политиков, инициировавших войны, подчер- кивая сложность или невозможность достижения поставленных политических целей военными средствами. Сходные дискурсивные практики отражены в документах Конгресса США и прави- тельственных ведомствах, которые контролируют выделение средств на ведение войн и их использование. Для этих сообществ характерен дискурс «исполнителей» и обращение к подоб- ным проблемам реализации военных кампаний в прошлом как «урокам», которые оказались не вполне выученными.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study examines how the United States interpreted and framed its major military campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq during the first two decades of the twenty-first century, taking into account the enduring influence of memories of the Vietnam War (1965–1973). That conflict generated a distinctive phenomenon commonly referred to as the “Vietnam Syndrome,” characterized by profound socio-politi- cal disorientation within American society throughout the 1970s and 1980s. The memory and perceived lessons of the Vietnam War remain an integral component of any debate concerning the possible use of U.S. military force. The article aims to identify the relevant discursive practices and communities and to elucidate the role of Vietnam War memory within these debates. The findings indicate the existence of several distinct discourses on the military and political lessons of recent wars, reflected in the discursive practices of the respective communities. In the broader public and political discourse–represented in commentary, investigative journalism, and public opinion–wars are assessed primarily in terms of losses and unjustified costs, the legitimacy of initiating military operations, and the responsibility of political leaders who authorized them. These discursive practices, which first crystallized during the Vietnam War, reappear in discussions of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and correspond to a “victimhood” discourse in the sense used in critical discourse analysis. Political leaders responsible for initiating military action tend to justify the legitimacy of the wars and shift responsibility onto military executors and onto the presidents who oversaw troop withdrawals. Military personnel, reflecting on their operational experience, generally attribute responsibility for failures to policymakers who launched the wars, emphasizing the dif- ficulty–or outright impossibility–of achieving political objectives through military means. Comparable discursive practices are found in U.S. Congressional documents and in executive-branch agencies that supervise the allocation and use of funds for war efforts. These communities typically articulate an “exec- utor” discourse and invoke analogous implementation problems from past military campaigns as “lessons” that have been only partially learned.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уроки войны</kwd><kwd>Вьетнам</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>память</kwd><kwd>общественно-политический дискурс</kwd><kwd>дискурсивные сооб- щества</kwd><kwd>дискурсивные практики</kwd><kwd>Афганистан</kwd><kwd>Ирак</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lessons of war</kwd><kwd>Vietnam</kwd><kwd>the United States</kwd><kwd>memory</kwd><kwd>sociopolitical discourse</kwd><kwd>discourse</kwd><kwd>discourse communities</kwd><kwd>discourse practices</kwd><kwd>Afghanistan</kwd><kwd>Iraq</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреев К.М. 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