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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intertrends</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международные процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-2756</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1811-2773</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AEFIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/IT.2025.23.3.82.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intertrends-969</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REALITY AND THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Энергетическая политика Китая: реактивность, адаптивность, проактивность</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reactivity, adaptivity, proactivity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровский</surname><given-names>Юрий</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovsky</surname><given-names>Yury V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боровский Юрий Викторович – доктор исторических наук, заведующий Кафедрой международных отношений и внешней политики России МГИМО МИД России</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dr Yury V. Borovsky – Chair, Department of International Relations and Russian Foreign Policy, MGIMO University</p><p>Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuribor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боровский Ю.V., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боровский Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borovsky Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/969">https://www.intertrends.ru/jour/article/view/969</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается энергетическая политика КНР в постбиполярный период через призму трёх смысловых категорий – реактивность, адаптивность и проактивность. В фокусе внимания автора лежат основополагающие энергетические вызовы Китая, связанные с его критической зависимостью от импорта углеводородов; его большой опорой на экологически вредный уголь, а также необходимостью фундаментальной перестройки китайской энергетики и экономики на углеродно-нейтральный лад в соответствии с общемировым трендом. Автор приходит к выводу, что в энергетической политике КНР нет простой реактивности. По всей триаде энергетических вызовов она в большей мере сводится к адаптивности, предполагающей исключительные по своему масштабу и разнообразию решения. В пользу адаптивности говорит и тот факт, что китайское руководство поставило цель совершить «энергетическую революцию» в стране – создать в ней одновременно чистую, низкоуглеродную, безопасную и эффективную энергосистему. Заметны также проявления проактивности в китайской энергетической политике. Во-первых, Пекин решил сделать ставку на международные механизмы торговли углеводородами и определения цен на них, в которых Китай занимает центральное место. Во-вторых, он не только сумел девальвировать лидерство Запада в области «зелёного» энергоперехода, но и сам стал задавать тон в этом общемировом процессе, получив реальные рычаги давления на другие страны, в том числе западные. В самой «энергетической революции», которую намерен совершить Пекин, можно усмотреть проактивность, поскольку нельзя исключать, что в будущем китайский пример будет мультиплицирован в глобальном масштабе. В целом энергетическая политика КНР является сочетанием адаптивности и проактивности. С учётом динамики последних десятилетий проактивность, вероятно, будет усиливаться в китайской энергетической политике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper examines the Chinese energy policy in the post-bipolar era by means of three conceptual categories – reactivity, adaptivity, and proactivity. The article focuses on China's fundamental energy challenges related to its critical dependence on oil and gas imports, its heavy reliance on environmentally harmful coal, as well as the need for a fundamental overhaul of the Chinese energy industry and economy in a carbon-neutral way in compliance with the global trend. The author concludes that no simple reactivity exists in China's energy policy. Regarding the entire triad of challenges, the Chinese energy policy deals mainly with adaptivity, suggesting a set of solutions that are exceptional in their scale and variety. The clear intention of the Chinese leadership to make an ‘energy revolution’ implying the creation of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system in the country points distinctly to adaptivity. There are also manifestations of proactivity in the Chinese energy policy. First, Beijing has decided to prioritize international mechanisms for trading and pricing hydrocarbons, where China calls the shots. Second, it has not only devalued the leadership of the West in the field of ‘green’ energy transition, but also has become a trendsetter in this global process, with real leverage on other countries, including Western ones. The very ‘energy revolution’ that Beijing seeks to make can be seen as proactive. It cannot be ruled out that in the future this Chinese example will be generalized and multiplied globally, with other states following suit. China's energy policy is a combination of adaptivity and proactivity. Given the dynamics of recent decades, proactivity is likely to increase in the Chinese energy policy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>КНР</kwd><kwd>энергетическая политика</kwd><kwd>энергетический переход</kwd><kwd>углеродная нейтральность</kwd><kwd>нефть</kwd><kwd>газ</kwd><kwd>уголь</kwd><kwd>возобновляемая энергетика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>PRC</kwd><kwd>energy policy</kwd><kwd>energy transition</kwd><kwd>carbon neutrality</kwd><kwd>oil</kwd><kwd>gas</kwd><kwd>coal</kwd><kwd>renewable energy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-48-10015, https:// rscf.ru/project/24-48-10015/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation project № 24-48-10015 (https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-48-10015/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бобылев С.Н., Барабошкина А.В., Джу С. 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