Trembling Chessboard: The Effects of Changing Russian-Turkish Relations in the South Caucasus

This study explores the impact of shifting dynamics in Russian-Turkish relations on the foreign policies of South Caucasian states. Since 2016, the interaction between those two actors has changed significantly and had an impact on many regions, including the Caucasus. Analyzing this new mode of Russo-Turkish relations post-2016 and its implications for the region is essential to better comprehend the foreign policy decisions of the South Caucasian states. Therefore, the study begins by delving into the strategic approaches of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Turkey in the region. Then, the article provides a concise overview of the bilateral relations between these two nations. Subsequently, it evaluates the overall geopolitical status of Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia, considering how their foreign policies might be influenced by the evolving relations between Russia and Turkey. The article concludes that the altered relationship between Russia and Turkey significantly impacts the foreign policies of regional countries. Specifically, the study suggests that Azerbaijan is pursuing a relatively autonomous foreign policy and adopts a strategy of balance, aiming to sustain relationships with both Russia and Turkey without becoming overly reliant on either. This became evident especially after the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War of 2020, after which Baku pushed for even tighter relations with both Ankara and Moscow. Armenia, on the other hand, seeks to diminish Russian influence by seeking external support in its conflict with Azerbaijan and exploring opportunities for inclusion in new transit routes. In this context, Yerevan has been seeking closer links with the Western actors, the Islamic Republic of Iran and India. Georgia, the third case of the study, maintains its claim to Abkhazia and South Ossetia but avoids involvement in regional conflicts to prevent antagonizing Russia, following a cautious and observant strategy, in order to avoid any escalation that would turn the country into another front in the current crisis between the West and Russia.

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