Глобальное экологическое управление и многосторонняя экологическая дипломатия: состояние предметных областей

Термин «управление» (governance) используется в политическом лексиконе и научной литературе, посвящённой глобальной экологической повестке дня, так часто, что практически подменил понятие политики, дипломатии, регулирования и сотрудничества. Тому есть объяснение: экологическая политика и регулирование относятся к разряду самых интернационализированных областей, где правила игры создают не только государства, но и иные субъекты. В исследованиях глобальной экологической политики сложилась уникальная ситуация: при широком признании значения негосударственных, транснациональных субъектов и процессов экологического сотрудничества мало внимания уделяется изучению связи межгосударственных и негосударственных форм взаимодействия для решения глобальных экологических проблем. В связи с этим возникают вопросы: каким образом экологическая дипломатия и экологическое управление увязываются друг с другом в академических исследованиях? Какого рода международные взаимодействия они изучают и что между ними общего?

Настоящая работа представляет ответы на эти вопросы, полученные на основе систематического обзора литературы по международной экологической дипломатии и глобальному экологическому управлению, отобранной из реферативных баз данных Scopus и Web of Science. В каждой из областей исследований автор обзора выделяет поднаправления и проводит типологизацию публикаций, позволяющую идентифицировать связи между ними. Основными результатами обзора стало подтверждение обособленности каждой из областей исследования по причине различного внимания, которое они уделяют межгосударственным или негосударственным формам взаимодействия, и различной оценки их значимости. Вместе с тем исследование показало необходимость актуализации представлений о международной экологической дипломатии, так как данное направление уже не ограничивается изучением переговоров и иных форм межгосударственного взаимодействия.

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