Philosophy of Cross-Cultural Communication

The article deals with causes and effects of a “cultural turn” in modern theory of international relations. Approach to political organisms as cultures concentrates attention of scholars and practitioners alike on what seems to be a rather vague term, which is subject to various interpretations. However, the notion of “culture” comprises important, although unobvious moments of interaction dynamics among parties to international relations.  Logical and  philosophical view  promotes to  disclosing  such moments  after studying potential and limits of the category of “culture” in its application to the analysis of international processes. This perspective enables approach to understanding certain social communities/international relations subjects through interpreting them as various  “conceptualization  methods”  (i.e.  description forms of ideal objects and values in a certain language and its speakers’ material activities). Reconstruction of texts inevitably leads to cultural comparisons. This in turn is impossible without studying of intercultural communications. Lack of operational generalizations in this field is remarkable though many publications describe in details vast empiric material. The current article strives to fill theoretical gaps in intercultural communications study. Special emphasis is placed on such issue as dialogue communication.

Purpose of the article is analysis of intercultural communications through categories and approaches imported from philosophy of culture as a  foundation  for  optimization  of  negotiating  process  in international relations. It discusses formation of general patterns enabling comparative analysis of diverse materials with due consideration to methodological limitations for such comparisons. A range of solutions enables to achieve stated objectives. First, representation of intercultural communication is to be clarified from logical and philosophical point of view. Second, “values synthesis” of formal conditions enabling negotiating process optimization are to be determined. Third, connection between “cultural codes” and linguocultural frames is to be proved based on axiological and behavioral  patterns  typical  for  various cultures representatives. The novelty of the suggested approach is development of a theory of understanding modern version, not contradicting search of mutually acceptable  interpretations  and  at  the  same  time taking into consideration necessity to form an argument field in common. Eventually it is suggested to contemplate within academic community development of a new theoretical pattern describing international processes dynamics based on emphasizing logical and philosophical frame of such researches.

1. Afanas'eva N.D. (2014). Shkola prepodavaniya russkogo yazyka dlya inostrannyh uchaschihsya [School of teaching Russian for foreign students]. Vestnik MGIMO Universiteta. No. 5 (38). P. 270-272.

2. Alekseyeva T.A. (2012). Strategicheskaya kul'tura: evoljuciya koncepciyi [Strategic culture: the evolution of the concept]. Polis. No. 5. P. 130-147.

3. Alekseyeva T.A., Mal'gin A.V., Nikitina Yu.A., Oleynov A.G., Sudakov S.S. (2012). Konceptualizaciya mezhdunarodnyh otnosheniy [ Conceptualization of international relations]. In Torkunov A.V, Mal’gin A.V. (eds) Sovremennyye mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya. Moscow: Aspekt Press. 688 p.

4. Aristotel. (2006). Metafizika. [Metaphysics]. Moscow: Institut filosofiyi, teologiyi i istoriyi sv. Fomy. 232 p.

5. Arnett R.C. (2010). Defining Philosophy of Communication: Difference and Identity. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication. Vol. 11. No. 1. Р. 57-62.

6. Bibihin V.V. (2010) Energiya. [Energy] Moscow: Institut filosofiyi, teologiyi i istoriyi sv. Fomy. 690 p.

7. Danilevskiy N.Ja. (2002). Rossiya i Yevropa. [Russia and Europe] Moscow: Drevneye i sovremennoye. 550 p.

8. Fedotova V.G. (2016). Modernizaciya i kul'tura. [Modernization and culture] – M.: Progress-Tradiciya. 336 p.

9. Fokin V.I. (2004). Formirovaniye soderzhaniya ponyatiy «vneshnyaya kul'turnaya politika» i “kul'turnaya diplomatiya” v mezhdunarodnoy deyatel'nosti sovremennyh gosudarstv [Formation of the content of the concepts "external cultural policy" and "cultural diplomacy" in the international activity of modern states]. Vestnik SPbGU. Serija 6. No. 2. P. 116-121.

10. Fukuyama F. (2004). Nashe postchelovecheskoye buduschheye. Posledstviya biotehnologicheskoy revoljuciyi. [Our posthuman future. Consequences of the biotechnological revolution.]. Moscow: AST, Ljuks. 352 p.

11. Gaponova N.A. (2014). Ponyatiye kommunikaciyi v filosofiyi [The concept of communication in philosophy]ю Vestnik Shadrinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta. No. 3. P. 12-16.

12. Geertz C. (2004). Interpretacija kul'tur [Interpretation of Cultures]. Moscow: Rossijskaya politicheskaya enciklopediya (ROSSPJeN). 560 s.

13. Glagolev V.S. (2012). Verbal'no-ponjatijnye aspekty metodologicheskogo diskursa VII Konventa RAMI [Verbal-conceptual aspects of the methodological discourse of the VII Convention of the RAMI]. Vestnik MGIMO Universiteta. No. 6 (27). P. 216-219.

14. Glagolev V.S. (2014). Religiozno-eticheskoye napolneniye obrazov «svoy» i «chuzhoy» v dinamike politicheskoy konyunkturnosti [Religious and ethical content of images of "one's own" and "another's" in the dynamics of political conjuncture] In Dialog kul'tur i partnerstvo tsivilizatsij. SPb: SPbGUP. P. 362-365.

15. Glagolev V.S. (2015). Nematerial'nye faktory v mezhdunarodnyh otnosheniyah [Intangible factors in international relations]. In Ivanov I.S. (ed.) Sovremennaja nauka o mezhdunarodnyh otnosheniyah za rubezhom. Moscow: RIAC. P. 10-18.

16. Gurevich T.M. (2006). Lingvokul'turologicheskiy analiz konceptosfery chelovek v japonskoy yazykovoy kartine mira. Avtoreferat dissertaciyi na soiskaniye uchenoy stepeni doktora kul'turologiyi [Linguistic and cultural analysis of the conceptosphere of man in the Japanese picture of the world]. Moscow: Lomonosov Moscow State University. 44 p.

17. Gurevich T.M. (2008). Yaponskaya grammatika kak zerkalo nacional'nogo mentaliteta [Japanese grammar as a mirror of the national mentality]. Rossiya i Zapad: dialog kul'tur. No. 2. P. 26-32.

18. Izotova N.N. (2012). Svoeobraziye koncepta «schastye» v yaponskoy lingvokul'ture. Dissertaciya na soiskaniye uchenoy stepeni kandidata kul'turologiyi [Specificity of the concept of “happiness” in Japanese Linguo-Culture. Ph.D. Thesis]. Moscow: Lomonosov Moscow State University. 211 p.

19. Knezhevich V. (2016). Matematika u Platonovoj filozofiji [Math in Plato’s Philosophy]. Belgrade: Srpsko filozofsko drushtvo. 267 р.

20. Konnov V.I. (2012). Vliyanie kul'turnogo konteksta na razvitiye nauki v Rossiyi: social'no-psihologicheskiy vzglyad [Influence of cultural context on the development of science in Russia: socio-psychological view]. Vestnik MGIMO Universiteta. No. 6 (27). P. 242-249.

21. Levi-Strauss C. (2001). Strukturnaja antropologiya [Structural anthropology]. Moscow: EKSMO-Press. 512 p.

22. Luckmann T., Tyagunova T. (2007). Aspekty teoriyi social'noy kommunikaciyi [Aspects of the theory of social communication]. Sociologicheskoye obozreniye. Vol. 6. No. 3. P. 3-20.

23. Luhmann N. (1995). Chto takoye kommunikaciya? [What is communication?]. Sociologicheskiy zhurnal. No. 3. P. 114-125.

24. Maklyuyen M. (2007). Ponimaniye media: vneshniye rasshireniya cheloveka. [Media Understanding: External Expansions of Man]. Moscow: Kuchkovo pole. 464 p.

25. Mamchur E.A. (2004). Obyektivnost' nauki i reljativizm (K diskussiyam v sovremennoy epistemologii). [Objectivity of science and relativism (Discussions in modern epistemology)] Moscow: IF RAN. 242 p.

26. Nazarchuk A.V. (2011). Teoriya kommunikaciyi i novyye filosofskiye ponjatiya XX veka [The theory of communication and new philosophical concepts of the twentieth century]. Voprosy filosofiyi. No. 5. P. 157-165.

27. Nikolayeva Zh.V. (2004). Osnovy teoriyi kommunikaciyi. [Fundamentals of the theory of communication]. Ulan-Ude: VSGTU. 274 p.

28. Ricoeur P. (2008). Konflikt interpretaciy. Ocherki o germenevtike [Conflict of interpretations. Essays on the hermeneutics]. Moscow: Akademicheskiy proyekt. 695 p.

29. Robillard J. (2006). Philosophy of communication: what does it have to do with philosophy of social sciences. Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy. Vol. 1. No. 2. Р. 245-260.

30. Sadowski J. et al. (2012). Historia kulturowa–schyłek czy nowa odsłona? Studia Religiologica. 2013. Vol. 2012. No. 4. Р. 323-326.

31. Shestopal A.V., Silantieva M.V. (2014). Problemy kul'tury v sisteme podgotovki specialistov-mezhdunarodnikov [Problems of culture in the system of training specialists in international affairs]. In Aktual'nyye voprosy podgotovki specialistov mezhdunarodnogo profilya: smena paradigm. Materialy nauchnoy konferenciyi. Moscow: MGIMO. P. 36-41.

32. Silantieva M.V. (2013a) Mezhkul'turnyi dialog – osnova plodotvornogo vzaimodeystviya v sisteme mezhdunarodnogo partnerstva [Intercultural dialogue is the basis for fruitful cooperation in the system of international partnership]. Nauchnye issledovaniya i razrabotki. Sovremennaya kommunikativistika. Vol. 2. No. 5 (6). P. 14-17.

33. Silantieva M.V. (2013b) Chelovek: mify i real'nost' [Man: Myths and Reality]. Vestnik MGIMO Universiteta. No. 3 (30). P. 150-151.

34. Silantieva M.V. (2014). Problema kul'turnyh granic v sovremennom mire: tsennostnyj aspekt [The problem of cultural boundaries in the modern world: the value aspect]. Vestnik MGIMO Universiteta. No. 2 (35). P. 235-239.

35. Smirnov A.V. (2014). Soznaniye kak smyslopolaganiye [Consciousness as a sense of meaning]. Filosofskiy zhurnal. No. 1 (12). P. 35-57.

36. Smirnov A.V. (2017). Filosofiya vsegda dolzhna byt' nedovol'na [Philosophy should always be dissatisfied]. NG-Nauka. February 8.

37. Spengler O. (1993). Zakat Evropy. [The decline of Europe]. Moscow: Nauka. 592 p.

38. Terin V.P. (2013). Kto kogo? – ili odnovremennost' i posledovatel'nost' kak problema mezhkul'turnoy kommunikaciyi v elektronnom okruzheniyi [Who will win? - or Simultaneity and Consistency as a Problem of Intercultural Communication in the Electronic Environment]. Media. Informatsiya. Kommunikatsiya. No. 5. P. 24-26.

39. Tjevdoj-Burmuli A.I. (2013). “Velosipedist na bolote”: uroki i perspektivy rasshirenija ES v XXI v. ["Cyclist on the swamp": lessons and prospects for expanding the EU in the XXI century]. Vestnik MGIMOUniversiteta. No. 4 (31). P.106-112.

40. Torkunov A.V. (2012). Obrazovaniye kak instrument «myagkoy sily» vo vneshney politike Rossiyi [Education as an instrument of "soft power" in Russia's foreign policy]. Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta. No. 4. P. 85–93.

41. Vasilik M.A. (2003). Osnovy teoriyi kommunikaciyi [Fundamentals of Communication Theory]. Moscow: Gardariki. 615 p.

42. Vedenina L.G. (1978). Funkcional'noe napravleniye v sovremennom zarubezhnom yazykoznaniyi [Functional direction in modern foreign linguistics]. Voprosy yazykoznanija. No. 6. P. 74-78.

43. Zonova Т.V. (2012). Publichnaya diplomatiya i yeyo actori [Public diplomacy and its actors] RIAC. URL: http://russiancouncil.ru/inner/?id_4=681#top-content